About Vedanta Ltd

Vedanta Limited, (Formerly known Sesa Sterlite Limited), a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Limited, is a leading global natural resources conglomerate operating across India, Namibia, South Africa, Liberia and UAE. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India. Vedanta has a diversified portfolio and produces commodities vital for global decarbonisation and materials intensive energy transition. The Company produces Aluminium, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Silver, Iron Ore, Oil & Gas, Steel, Ferro Chrome , Nickel, Cement and Commercial Energy. Vedanta has iron ore mining operations in Goa and Karnataka in India. While iron ore from its Goa mines is shipped through the Mormugoa port, the ore from Karnataka mines is exported through the ports of Goa, Mangalore and Krishnapatnam. The company is also into metallurgical coke and pig iron. The pig iron business focuses on the domestic Indian market, especially to foundries and steel mills in western and southern India. They also export to the Middle-East and South East Asia. Vedanta Limited was incorporated in June 26, 1965. In the year 1979, a single company, Sesa Goa Pvt Ltd was formed with the amalgamation of Sesa Goa and Mingoa full owned by Finsider SpA. In the year 1981, the company went public. In the year 1984, they started a barge construction unit at Sirsaim. In the year 1992, first phase of 150,000 tons per year pig iron plant was commissioned. Also, they started manufacture of low phosphorous foundry grade pig iron. In the year 1993, ILA international raised their equity in the company to 51%. In July 1994, they commissioned their second blast furnace. In January 1995, the company launched Sesa Shipping with the acquisition of Transhipper MV Oirssa. In April 1995, they commissioned 84 coke ovens. In the year 1997, Sesa Kembla became 100% subsidiary of the company. Also, they commenced Karnataka mining development. In the year 1999, the company commenced mining operations in Barbil in Orissa. In the year 2001, the company commissioned a new process plant for their mining operations at Orissa. In the year 2002, they became the first business of their kind to be certified with OHSAS 18001. Also, the Shipbuilding Division launched their 60th vessel, MV Toni, mini-bulk carrier. In the year 2003, the company increased their equity stake to 88.25% in Sesa Industries. In the year 2004, the company Shipbuilding Division built their 62nd vessel, a 2200T barge for their own fleet. In the year 2007, Vedanta Resources plc, a diversified metals and mining group, listed on the London Stock Exchange acquired 51% controlling stake in the company from Mitsui & Co Ltd. In June 2009, the company and Dempo Group signed a definitive share purchase agreement under which the company has acquired all the outstanding common shares of VS Dempo & Co Pvt Ltd, along with their 100% equity shares of Dempo Mining Corporation Pvt Ltd and 50% equity shares of Goa Maritime Pvt Ltd. During the year 2009-10, the company announced setting up of new integrated project to increase the pig iron production capacity by 0.375 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) by setting up a new blast furnace of 450 cubic metres working volume. They also announced the setting up of a new sinter plant of 75 square metres, a new non recovery coke plant of 0.280 mtpa based on its own patented coke-making technology. In February 2011, Sesa Industries Ltd was amalgamated with the company with appointed date of April 1, 2005. In March 2011, the company acquired the assets of the upcoming steel plant unit of Bellary Steel and Alloys Ltd (BSAL) for an all cash deal of Rs 220 crore. BSAL was in the process of putting up a 0.5 mtpa Steel Plant Project at Bellary. The assets of the under construction plant acquired include a free hold land of around 700 acres, building and structures, plant and machinery and other assets of the Steel Plant. The assets have been transferred on an 'As is where is' Basis to the company. In April 19, 2011, the company acquired 200 million shares amounting to 10.4% stake in Cairn India from Petronas International Corporation Ltd (Petronas) at a price of Rs 331 per share through bulk deal on Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd. This acquisition is in addition to the Open Offer launched by the company on April 11, 2011. In August 2011, the company acquired 51% stake in Western Cluster Ltd, Liberia (WCL). WCL, which has mining interests/rights in the Western Cluster iron ore project in Liberia with a potential reserves and resources of over 1 billion tonnes. On 25 February 2012, the company approved the restructuring proposal, in which Sterlite Industries (India) will merge into Sesa Goa to create Sesa Sterlite, through the issue of Sesa Goa shares to shareholders of Sterlite via a scheme of arrangement under Indian law. On 1 March 2012, the company completed the acquisition of Goa Energy Pvt Ltd (GEPL). GEPL owns and operates a 30 MW waste heat recovery power plant in Goa which utilizes the waste heat and gases from Sesa Goa's coke making and pig iron facilities. On 21 August 2012, Sesa Goa announced the successful commissioning of its third blast furnace of 450 m3 capacity with the hot metal production commencing from 17 August 2012. With this commissioning, Sesa's pig iron plant becomes the largest producer of low phosphorous pig iron in India with an installed capacity of 0.625 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) which is increased from earlier capacity of 0.250 mtpa. On 27 October 2012, Sesa Goa announced that it has received order from Goa State Pollution Control Board revoking their earlier order to stop the activity at second battery of its new metallurgical coke plant at Amona, Goa. On 20 December 2012, Sesa Goa announced that it has acquired the entire remaining 49% of the outstanding common shares of Western Cluster Limited (WCL) from Elenilto Minerals & Mining LLC, Delaware, for a cash consideration of US$33.5 million. Post this transaction, Sesa's shareholding in WCL increased to 100%. WCL is a logical and strategic fit with Sesa's existing iron ore business and is expected to create significant long term value for all stakeholders. At WCL, exploration activities are progressing well, with over 42,000 meters of drilling completed till 30 November 2012. The project is on track for first shipment in FY 2014. On 17 August 2013, Sesa Goa Limited and Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd (Sterlite) announced that merger of Sterlite and The Madras Aluminium Company Limited (MALCO) with Sesa Goa and transfer of MALCO power plant to Vedanta Aluminium Limited (VAL) pursuant to the Scheme of amalgamation and arrangement amongst Sterlite, MALCO, Sterlite Energy Limited (SEL), VAL and Sesa Goa and their respective shareholders and creditors (Composite Scheme) and the Scheme of Amalgamation of Ekaterina Limited (Ekaterina) with Sesa Goa and their respective Shareholders and Creditors (Ekaterina Scheme) has become effective. On 19 August 2013, Sesa Goa announced that the merger of Sterlite Energy Limited (SEL) with Sesa Goa and the demerger of the aluminium business undertaking of Vedanta Aluminium Limited (VAL) into Sesa Goa pursuant to the Scheme of Amalgamation and Arrangement has become effective. Sesa Goa's wholly owned subsidiary, Bloom Fountain Limited, would acquire 38.68% stake in Cairn India Limited together with the associated debt, effective 26 August 2013. Further, Sesa Goa also approved the acquisition of 1,215 MW thermal power plants situated at Jharsuguda and 90 MW co-generation facility at Lanjigarh from its wholly owned subsidiary, VAL, on a going concern basis. On 20 September 2013, Sesa Goa Limited announced change in its name to Sesa Sterlite Limited following approval by the Registrar of Companies, Goa on 18 September 2013. The change of name is consequent to the approval of the Scheme of amalgamation and arrangement amongst Sterlite Industries (India) Limited, Madras Aluminium Company Limited, Sterlite Energy Limited, Vedanta Aluminium Limited and Sesa Goa Limited and their respective shareholders and creditors and the Scheme of Amalgamation of Ekaterina Limited with the company and their respective shareholders and creditors. On 28 December 2013, Sesa Sterlite announced the resumption of iron ore mining operations at its Karnataka mine after receiving permission from a Supreme Court appointed Monitoring Committee. Earlier, the Supreme Court of India had vide its order dated 18 April 2013 given the clearance for resumption of mining operations for A and B category mines in Karnataka. Sesa Goa's Karnataka mine falls under B category. On 22 April 2014, Sesa Sterlite announced that it is working towards securing the necessary permissions for commencement of iron ore mining operations in Goa after the Supreme Court vide its order dated 21 April 2014 lifted the ban on iron ore mining in Goa subject to certain conditions. The Supreme Court held that all mining leases in Goa, including those of Sesa Sterlite, have expired in 2007. Consequently, no mining operations can be carried out until renewal/execution of mining lease deeds by the Goa state government. The Board of Directors of Sesa Sterlite at its meeting held on 5 September 2014 considered and recommended passing an enabling resolution for issue of convertible securities up to Rs 6000 crore, enabling resolution for private placement of Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) and/or other debt securities with warrants up to Rs 4000 crore and enabling resolution for increase in the borrowing limits of the company from Rs 60000 crore Rs 80000 crore. On 13 November 2014, Sesa Sterlite announced that its Board of Directors has approved development of Gamsberg-Skorpion Integrated Zinc Project, in South Africa and Namibia for US$782 million, to be invested over a 3 year period, to develop an open pit zinc mine in Gamsberg, South Africa, as well as the conversion of the Skorpion Zinc Refinery in neighbouring Namibia. The majority of the investment, approximately US$630 million, will go towards developing an open-pit zinc mine, concentrator plant and associated infrastructure at Gamsberg, one of world's largest undeveloped zinc deposits. The balance of the investment will be used to convert the refinery at the Skorpion Mine in Rosh Pinah, Namibia thereby enabling it to refine zinc concentrates from the Gamsberg mine into special high grade zinc metal. The Gamsberg project will be operated under the auspices of Black Mountain Mining (BMM) which is 74% owned by Sesa Sterlite. The remaining 26% interest in BMM is held by Exxaro Resources Limited, a diversified resources company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The first phase of the Gamsberg open pit mine is expected to have a total lifespan of approximately 13 years with the first ore likely to be produced in 2017/18. On 22 January 2015, Sesa Sterlite announced that its subsidiary Bharat Aluminium Company Limited (BALCO) has received approval of Consent to Operate (CTO) from the Chattisgarh State Pollution Control Board and other clearances for starting its Korba's based 1200 MW power plant. On 22 April 2015, Sesa Sterlite announced that it has changed the name of the company from its present name Sesa Sterlite Limited to Vedanta Limited. The name change to Vedanta Limited is effective post issue of Fresh Certificate of Incorporation issued by the Registrar of Companies, Goa, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India. On 3 June 2015, Vedanta Limited announced that that the company has entered into an agreement with a wholly owned subsidiary Twinstar Mauritius Holdings Limited (TSMHL), whereby TSMHL has transferred 4.98% of its stake in Cairn India to Vedanta Limited for a cash consideration of US$315 million. The funds received by TSMHL will be used to service existing debt obligations at TSMHL. On 10 August 2015, Vedanta announced that the company has received the relevant consent, license and approvals in place to commence the iron-ore mining operations in Goa for some of its leases. The company said that its biggest mine at Codli in Sanguem taluka in Goa is likely to recommence operations from 10 August 2015. The company has been granted approval for total extraction of 5.5 million metric tons of which Codli is 3.1 million metric tons. On 12 August 2015, Vedanta announced that its subsidiary Bharat Aluminium Company Limited (BALCO) has decided to close down its rolled product business due to a steep fall in aluminium prices globally, negative margins and huge imports. The rolled product business is a value added product facility that produced 46,000 tonnes of the product in FY 2015. On 29 February 2016, Vedanta announced that it was declared successful bidder for the Baghmara gold mine block in Chhattisgarh (6.08 sq.km) at royalty of 12.55% of value of mineral despatched. The winning bidder has to submit a performance bank guarantee of Rs 1.60 crore and invest in exploration. The block requires extensive exploration and the process will commence in due course. On 15 April 2016, Vedanta announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Sterlite Ports Limited will be signing a MoU pursuant to Letter of Award' for redevelopment of existing berths 8, 9 and barge berths at the Port of Mormugao (project), Goa on Develop, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis for a concession period of 30 years with the Mormugoa Port Trust. The project was awarded to the company through a competitive bidding process. The redeveloped berths are planned to handle all type of cargo including iron ore, coal and general cargo with an expected capacity of 19.22 million tonnes per annum. The redevelopment of the berths would be done over a period of 3 to 5 years. The project would provide logistic integration to Vedanta's iron ore business apart from handling other cargo. On 12 May 2016, Vedanta announced that its overseas subsidiary THL Zinc Limited has agreed to extend the maturity of the loan of USD 1.25 billion, which was taken for a term of two years in May 2014, from Cairn India Holdings Limited, an overseas subsidiary of Cairn India Limited (CIL), for a further period of two years. The extension is on arm's length at a revised rate of interest of LIBOR plus 450 basis points (bps) in the first year and at LIBOR plus 475 bps in the second year, on terms that are market standards including change of control provisions and will continue to be secured by a guarantee from Vedanta Resources Pic. The Board of Directors of Vedanta and Cairn India at their respective meetings held on 22 July 2016 approved revised and final terms for the proposed merger of Cairn India with Vedanta, taking into account prevailing market conditions and having regard to underlying commercial factors. As per the revised and final terms, each Cairn India minority shareholder will receive 1 equity share in Vedanta and 4 Redeemable Preference Shares of Vedanta with a coupon of 7.5% and tenure of 18 months for each equity share held Cairn India. On 4 August 2016, Vedanta announced that the company's iron ore operations at Goa have been reissued the import and transit permits on 3 August 2016 which was earlier cancelled on 28 July 2016. The permit issued, states that the company is allowed to import iron ore for domestic self-consumption for its pig iron plant in Amona. On 26 August 2016, Vedanta announced that the third 600 MW unit of its Talwandi Sabo power plant in Punjab was put to commercial production on 24 August 2016. The company also said that the commissioning of the pots at the first line of the 1.25 mtpa Jharsuguda-II aluminium smelter was completed in July 2016. The commissioning of the second line commenced in July 2016 with 65 pots commissioned till date, and this line will ramp up in the next 3-6 months. The company plans to start commissioning of pots at the third line of the smelter in September 2016, well ahead of the earlier schedule of Q4 FY 2017. On 26 August 2016, Vedanta announced that the company has secured 6.09 million tonnes per annum of coal in an auction for coal linkage of captive power plant for its captive power plants that supply power to its aluminium smelters at Jharsuguda and Balco. The tenor of the coal linkage is 5 year with an option to extend this further. The premium paid was Rs 96 per tonne, which is about 10% over the Coal India linkage price for captive power plants. On 11 April 2017, Vedanta and Cairn India announced that the merger of Cairn India with Vedanta pursuant to the Scheme of Arrangement has become effective. The merger consolidates Vedanta's position as one of the world's largest diversified natural resources companies, with world-class, low-cost assets in metals & mining and oil & gas. On 10 November 2017, Vedanta announced that its Board of Directors has approved brownfield growth projects in the Cairn Oil & Gas Business and an expansion project in the Copper business. The Oil & Gas business has commenced its next phase of growth, which will result in an additional production of c.100kboepd. The company expects to eventually ramp up to c. 275 - 300kboepd by FY 2020. The Board also approved expansion of its copper smelter at Tuticorin to double its capacity from 400kt p.a. to 800kt p.a., with a capex of $717 million of which $141 million has already spent. Completion of this project will place Tuticorin as one of the world's largest single-location copper smelting complexes. The project is expected to have an execution timeline of 24 months, with plant commissioning & stabilization in FY 2020. On 15 November 2017, Vedanta announced that the State Pollution Control Board, Odisha (SPCB) through its order dated 10 November 2017 has revoked the closure order on the remaining two power units of the company at Jharsuguda that were shut down as directed by SPCB on 13 September 2017. With this order, the closure order has been revoked on all five units that were directed by SPCB to be temporarily closed. The SPCB has allowed operations of all the units of 1215 MW and 2400 MW plant up to 12 January 2018 after which further extension of operations will be considered with a review of progress. On 27 December 2017, Vedanta announced that the Board of Directors of its wholly owned subsidiary Cairn India holdings Limited (CIHL), has approved an investment of c.US$158 million in Japanese manufacturer for LCD glass substrate, AvanStrate Inc. (ASI), currently majority owned by the Carlyle Group. The transaction involves CIHL acquiring c.US$151 million in existing ASI debt with face value of c.US$299 million from banks. CIHL will acquire just over 51% of the equity stake of ASI for a nominal consideration from the Carlyle Group. The transaction also involves extension of c.US$7 million loan to ASI from CHIL. ASI clocked revenue of c.US$169 million, EBITDA of c.US$75 million and net profit of c.US$1.4 million for the year ended 31 March 2017. During FY 2018, the company spent Rs 5,306 crore on Growth projects primarily driven by higher capex at Oil & Gas. The Company has 52 subsidiaries (15 direct and 37 indirect) as at 31 March 2018. During the FY2019,the company spent Rs 7,549 crore, with the majority invested in projects at Zinc India, the Gamsberg project at our Zinc International business, growth projects at Oil & Gas and ramping up our Aluminium capacities. The company has 54 subsidiaries (15 direct and 39 indirect) as at 31 March 2019. In June 2018, Vedanta acquired a 90% stake in ESL, a primary producer of steel and downstream value-added products. During the FY2020,the company spent Rs 6385 crore, with the majority invested in projects at Zinc India, the Gamsberg project at our Zinc International business, growth projects at Oil & Gas and ramping up our Aluminium capacities. The company has 49 subsidiaries (15 direct and 34 indirect) as at 31 March 2020. Vedanta Star Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary company has been merged with Electrosteel Steels Limited w.e.f. 25 March 2020. The name of a Subsidiary Company changed from Electrosteel Steels Limited to 'ESL Steel Limited' with effect from 26 September 2020. The Company acquired Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (FACOR) on 21 September 2020 under IBC as wholly-owned subsidiary. Consequent to acquisition of FACOR, subsidiaries of FACOR - Facor Power Limited (FPL) and Facor Realty and Infrastructure Limited (FRIL) become indirect subsidiaries of the Company. Australia Subsidiary - Cairn Energy India Pty Limited got deregistered w.e.f. 26 August 2020. Scotland subsidiaries - Cairn Energy Discovery Limited and Carin Exploration (No. 2) Limited dissolved w.e.f. 22 September 2020. Killoran Lisheen Finance Limited and Vedanta Exploration Ireland Limited have been voluntarily struck off w.e.f. 02 March 2021. The company has 49 subsidiaries (16 direct and 33 indirect) as at 31 March 2021. Pursuant to Voluntary Open Offer made by Vedanta Resources Limited (Acquirer) together with Twin Star Holdings Limited, Vedanta Holdings Mauritius Limited and Vedanta Holdings Mauritius II Limited, as persons acting in concert with the Acquirer (PACs), to Public Shareholders of the Company during the year 2022, the Acquirer and PACs have acquired 374,231,161 equity shares of the Company representing 10.07% of fully diluted voting share capital, which increased acquirer's indirect shareholding in the Company from 55.1% to 65.18%. Further, Vedanta Netherlands Investments BV and Twinstar Holdings Limited, Members of the Promoter Group of the Company had purchased 63,514,714 and 103,985,286 equity shares respectively (representing 1.71% and 2.80% of the equity share capital respectively), during the FY 2022, through a block deal on the stock exchanges. Consequently, total shareholding of Promoter and Promoter Group increased to 69.69%. In FY 2022, the Company through its subsidiaries has closed the three acquisitions: Firstly, Vedanta strengthened its position in the Met Coke sector with the acquisitions of assets of Gujarat NRE Coke Limited which went in Liquidation, with a total capacity of Bhachau and Khambalia plants in Gujarat for ~1MTPA. Secondly, the Company acquired assets of Nicomet Industries Limited, a leading Nickel and Cobalt producer based in Goa, which was also in Liquidation under the Indian Bankruptcy Code (IBC). Lastly, its indirect wholly owned subsidiary Sesa Mining Corporation Limited (SMCL), acquired Desai Cement Company Private Limited (DCCPL), a cement manufacturing plant based out of Goa. During year 2022, in HZL, the Company completed development of North Decline (ND1) at Rampura Agucha mine. It completed RD Mines Shaft & Conveyor upgradation for enhancement of ore hoisting capacity in Q3 of this FY. It completed installation of Dry Filtration & Paste fill plant to enable effective tailing managements by switching from Wet to Dry tailing management system. In VZI, the Gamsberg mine and processing facilities are almost stabilized and set the stage for Gamsberg Phase II. In Cairn, nearly 25 infill wells were drilled in FY 2022 across producing fields. It had acquired 3 coal block mines through competitive bidding, Jamkhani, Radhikapur West & Kuraloi North, which cater to 100% of Jharsuguda's coal requirement. The development of North Decline (ND1) was completed at Rampura Agucha (RA) mine. The Company has 48 subsidiaries (13 direct and 35 indirect) as on 31 March, 2022. During the year 2021-22, Sterlite (USA) Inc. has been dissolved w.e.f. 20 December 2021. Cairn South Africa (Pty) Ltd was deregisteredeffective from 06 April 2021. Sesa Resources Limited has acquired shares of Sterlite Ports Limited and Paradip Multi Cargo BerthPrivate Limited w.e.f 30 August 2021. Hindustan Zinc Alloys Private Limited, 100% subsidiary of Hindustan Zinc Limited, incorporatedw.e.f. 17 November 2021. Desai Cement Company Private Limited, 100% subsidiary of SMCL, was acquired w.e.f. 15 November 2021. Vedanta Zinc Football & Sports Foundation, 100% subsidiary of Hindustan Zinc Limited, was incorporated w.e.f. 21 December 2021 and Rampia Coal Mines and Energy Private Limited struck off on 19 April 2021. Facor Power Limited (Transferor Company), subsidiary of Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited was merged into Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited (Transferee Company), a subsidiary of Vedanta Limited, effective from the Merger Date, i.e., 22 November 2022. The Nickle Plant was put to operation in FY 2023, the Company commissioned Nickle Metal Plant for for producing Ni metal in Q4FY2023. The 33 MVA FACOR Furnace Project was commissioned in Mar' 23.

Vedanta Ltd Chairman Speech

Living a new purpose

Anil Agarwal

Chairman

Dear Stakeholders,

At Vedanta, the pandemic challenged us to think differently and act swiftly, both from the perspective of business continuity and social responsibility. With decisive actions and a strong stakeholder focus, we could mount the imminent challenges and continue to deliver value for everyone.

Even as the pandemic tested our collective mettle, we have many takeaways in our quiver both for business and life that will stay with us. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow Board members, all employees of Vedanta, our supplier partners, our investor fraternity and all other stakeholders, who have stood in solidarity with us as we navigated the COVID crisis.

Rebound, revival and opportunities

Post the pandemic, the world has nearly returned to normalcy in terms of restored economic and business activity, unrestricted mobility of people and re-opening of spaces for work. This has enabled the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to forecast a global growth rate of 4.4% in 2022. Plowever, there are downside risks, which are weighing upon optimism, in the form of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 outbreak in China. These have caused a ripple effect across the globe including disruptions to already battling supply chains, and in turn, muted manufacturing activity in Europe and the United States.

In India, economic growth bounced back last year, with the National Statistical Office (NSO) pegging GDP growth at a strong 8.9% in its second advance estimates. Government expenditure and domestic spending have shored up the economy well, complemented by a long-term growth- focused budget. The initiatives by the government in the recent past, such as the commodity-intensive National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) and Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost local manufacturing, are also progressing well. This is encouraging, as such bold and scalable programmes are instrumental in realising the vision of a self-reliant India.

On the policy front, the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021 is also an encouraging move, which calls for private participation in the exploration of key resources such as coal and gold.

This paves the way for better utilisation of India's natural resources potential and in ensuring better trade balance in India's favour. That said, there is significant space for import substitution of minerals such as Zinc and Oil & Gas, where India freely allows imports for domestic consumption.

Strengthening our performance and position FY2022 witnessed a notable rebound in the commodity markets with the release of pent-up demand and buoyant prices. The demand was further accelerated by the global energy transition, with OEMs and other players sourcing metals and minerals at scale for deployment in renewable energy infrastructure.

In this scenario, Vedanta reaffirmed its position as a strong natural resources player that contributes to national and industrial growth and to the global priority of carbon neutrality. We saw substantial growth across all our businesses, in terms of throughput and volumes, and in improved financial results. Our strong liguidity position and deleveraging focus peg our debt at a very comfortable level. Reflecting this, both CRISIL and India Ratings upgraded our credit rating to AA' with a stable outlook.

During the year, our individual businesses received several accolades in recognised forums such as World Finance, SABERA Awards, World FIRD Congress and others. At the Group level, we were awarded for our corporate reporting practices and others. Our sustainability efforts were also recognised with improved ratings and rankings in the MSCI and CDP platforms.

In March 2022, we conducted focused interactions with more than 100 investors and analysts. The engagements were very successful as we conveyed to them our unigue position to create long-term sustainable shareholder value through our growth plans across commodities, execution capability, disciplined capital allocation, strong dividend distribution policy and commitment to deleveraging.

In line with India's Net Zero ambition, we can foresee a strong demand for renewable energy infrastructure and transition to material intensive growth. This will lead to an automatic increase in demand for materials such as aluminium and zinc, which form part of Vedanta's core portfolio.

Prudent capital allocation for strategic growth

In November 2021, we convened to review and unveil our capital allocation policy, which establishes specific guidelines under which we will allocate funds. The policy focusces on rapid but responsible growth and maximising shareholder returns, and is charted under three streams as below:

• Capital expenditure, with a focus on volume augmentation, cost reduction, ESG and moving to value added products; growth projects with a minimum expected IRR of 18%; and sustaining capex on per tonne basis

• Dividend policy, which lays down that a minimum 30% of Attributable Profit after Tax (before exceptional items) of the Company will be distributed as dividends (excluding profits of HZL, dividends of which will pass through in six months). This will be subjected to the Board's evaluation of various factors, such as robustness of cash flows, economic situation, commodity price cycles, natural calamities, etc. for overall optimal cash management

• Inorganic growth, where we will selectively invest in acquisitions which are accretive to existing businesses or that have synergies with our core businesses

A new mantra to live by: Transforming for Good

In recent years, we can clearly see an accelerated inclusion of environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects in businesses and investments globally as well as in India. While sustainability has always been a strategic priority for Vedanta, we have now made ESG a central focus in everything that we do.

With the renewed ESG purpose of Transforming for Good?, we are making substantial investments in our business on ESG initiatives. The ESG purpose is taken forward by the three pillars of transforming communities planet and the workplace. Each pillar further has nine specific aims with quantifiable targets for the medium to long term, helping us map tangible progress every year. Further, the purpose also propagates a culture of ESG within the organisation, across levels and businesses.

Transforming communities

Vedanta has always stood by the communities in and around our areas of operations. We staunchly believe that their trust is our social licence to operate, and it's our fiduciary duty to operate responsibly and empower them with opportunities and support. The three aims that anchor our community transformation agenda include 'Responsibl business decisions based around community welfare' 'Empowering over 2.5 million families with enhanced skillsets' and 'Uplifting over 100 million women and childrer through Education, Nutrition, Healthcare and Welfare'.

Transforming the planet

We are a natural resources company, and everything we do is closely tied to the availability of natural capital. We are also aware that our operations and value chain can leave behind substantial environmental footprint. Towards this end, we are investing in climate action and decarbonisation, circular economy, water stewardship and several environment-focused interventions. The planet transformation agenda is propelled by our aim of 'Net- carbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner' 'Achieving net water positivity by 2030' and 'Innovations for greener business model'.

Transforming the workplace

Our people and their collective skills and abilities give us unparalleled competitive advantage. At Vedanta, our policies and processes are oriented towards inclusivity, eguity, meritocracy and satisfaction. Similarly, the health and safety of our people continue to assume the highest priority and we continue to put in world-class safety standards in our operations. 'Prioritising safety and health of all employees' and 'Promote gender parity, diversity and inclusivity' form key aims of this pillar.

We are also mindful of the way our organisation is governed. With strict policies and frameworks in place, we ensure that good governance is practised across the organisation and we are continuously striving to raise the bar. 'Adhere to global business standards of corporate governance' is thus the final aim under this pillar.

The future is bright

We are operating in a highly dynamic environment which is flush with opportunities, especially in India. With large- scale infrastructure and energy transition plans, efforts towards self-sufficiency, and a booming consumer economy, the avenues that lie ahead of us are endless. At Vedanta, our hard work and strategic focus over the years have helped position us perfectly to make the best of this environment, and our future plans are focused on achieving accelerated growth. More importantly, we are fully eguipped to achieve our potential with tenets of responsibility and sustainability at the core. As we put our best foot forward to do the right things and to do things rightly, we expect your continued support.

Best regards,

Anil Agarwal

Chairman

   

Vedanta Ltd Directors Reports

1. KEY BUSINESS, FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

COMPANY OVERVIEW

Vedanta Limited ("Vedanta" or "Company"), a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Limited, is a leading global natural resources conglomerate operating across India, Namibia, South Africa, Liberia and UAE. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India.

Vedanta has a diversified portfolio and produces commodities vital for global decarbonisation and materials intensive energy transition. The Company produces aluminium, copper, zinc, lead, silver, iron ore, steel, ferro chrome, oil & gas, nickel, cement and commercial energy. It strives to create long-term value for all our stakeholders through exploration, discovery, sustainable development and utilisation of diversified natural resources. The

Company's steadfast focus remains on delivery and operational excellence while increasing technology adoption and digitalisation to enhance profitability and deliver metals of the future.

Vedanta's strategic priorities, while moving towards responsible growth, are good governance and social licence to operate. The Company demonstrates world-class standards of governance, safety, sustainability, and social responsibility. It's our fundamental values of "Trust, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Excellence, Integrity, Care and Respect" that guide and help us accomplish our purpose. These serve as the foundation for everything we do and accomplish.

Furthermore, India is Vedanta's largest market, which is one of the most stable and fastest growing economies in the world. India's continued strength augurs well for its business performance.

Business highlights Zinc India

• Record ore production of 16.74 million tonnes

• Highest ever annual mined metal production of 1,062 kt, up 4% YoY

• Highest ever annual refined zinc-lead production of 1,032 kt, up 7% YoY

Zinc International

• Record mined metal production at Gamsberg of 208 kt, up 22% YoY. On track to surpass design capacity in FY 2024

• Significant increase in BMM production YoY by 25% to 65

Oil & Gas

• Average gross operated production of 143 kboepd, down

11% YoY, owing to natural field decline. The decline has been partially offset by new infill wells brought online across all assets and exploration success in

Ravva asset

• Key growth projects update:

? Infill drilling was carried out to sustain volumes in

Mangala, Bhagyam, Aishwariya, Tight Oil (ABH), Tight Gas (RDG), Satellite Field (Raag Oil, Tukaram) and Offshore (Ravva, Cambay) ? 74 wells drilled and 63 wells hooked up during FY 2023 across all assets

ROCE: Return on Capital Employed | PAT: Profit after Tax | FCF: Free Cash Flow | C&CE: Cash and cash equivalent

1. Excludes custom smelting at Copper Business

• Historic high shareholders return; declared interim dividend of `101.5 per share

• Highest ever contribution to exchequer ~` 73,486 crore in FY 2023

• Continue to maintain strong double-digit return on capital employed ~21%

• Net Debt/EBITDA of ~1.28x, maintained within capital allocation framework

• Record Free cash flow (pre capex) ofRs28,068 crore, up 3% YoY

The standalone and consolidated financial statements of the Company for the financial year ended 31 March 2023, prepared as per Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act") and SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 ("Listing Regulations") forms part of this Annual Report.

? OALP and DSF - Commenced production from Jaya and Hazarigaon fields. Drilling preparations are ongoing in West-Coast Offshore to drill a moderate risk-high reward prospect (risked resource potential of 42 mmboe) within the Kutch-Saurashtra basin

Aluminium

• Highest ever aluminium production at Rs 2,291 kt. Continue to be the largest primary Aluminium producer in the country

• Alumina production from Lanjigarh refinery at Rs 1,793 kt, down 9% YoY

Power

• Record overall power sales at 14,835 million units, higher by 25% YoY driven by improved performance of Talwandi Sabo Power Limited ("TSPL") and Jharsuguda

• TSPL achieved highest ever PLF of 67% with lowest ever auxiliary power consumption of 6.86%

• TSPL plant availability was 82% in FY 2023

Iron Ore

• Production of saleable ore at Karnataka at Rs 5.3 million tonnes

• Pig Iron production at 696 kt

• Iron ore sales at Goa at 0.7 million tonnes

Steel

• Highest ever hot metal production of 1.37 million tonnes, up 1% YoY

• Highest ever saleable production of 1.28 million tonnes post-acquisition, up 2% YoY

• Highest ever DIP production of 196 kt, up 20% YoY

FACOR

• Record chrome ore production recorded at 290 kt, up 16% YoY

• Ferro chrome production of 67 kt, down 11% YoY and sales of 67 kt, down 12% YoY

Copper India

• Due legal process being followed to achieve a sustainable restart of operations

• Cathode production from Silvassa was 148 kt, up by 18% YoY driven by continuous debottlenecking of plant capacity and improved operational efficiencies

• Enhanced product portfolio to include Research Designs and Standards Organisation approved 19.6 MM and 23.5 MM Rod The details of the business, results of operations and the significant developments have been further elucidated in Management Discussion and Analysis section of the Annual Report.

PDA: Power Delivery Agreement

• Ranked 6^th among DJSI's top 10 global diversified Metal and Mining peers

• Cairn, IOB, VZI- BMM achieved water positivity

• Workplace gender diversity increased to 14% from 11% in FY 2022

• Biomass usage improved to 78,000 tonnes, 4x higher than FY 2022

• 1 million trees planted as part of the commitment to plant 7 million trees by 2030

• 4,500+ Nand Ghars created for women and child welfare

• Spent `454 crore on CSR initiatives, positively impacting 44 million lives

The details of the business, results of operations and the significant developments have been further elucidated in ESG section of the Annual Report.

KEY EVENTS DURING THE YEAR

Delisting of American Depositary Shares from New York Stock Exchange and Termination of American Depositary Share Program, and Deregistration from U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission

The Company had announced its intention to delist American Depositary Shares ("ADS") from the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") and to terminate its American Depositary Share Program on 23 September 2021.

The ADS of the Company have been delisted from NYSE effective close of trading on NYSE on 29 October 2021.

This follows the filing done by the Company of Form

25 with Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on 29 October 2021. As a consequence of the delisting becoming effective, termination of the Deposit Agreement under which the ADS were issued (the "Deposit Agreement") has also become effective close of trading on NYSE on 08 November 2021. The said action has no impact on the current listing status or trading of the Company's equity shares on BSE Limited ("BSE") and National Stock Exchange of India Limited ("NSE").

In furtherance to above, the Company had filed Form 15F on

01 December 2022 with the SEC to deregister the ADS and the underlying equity shares pursuant to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"). As a result, the Company's reporting obligations under the Exchange Act were ceased and the Company has been deregistered with SEC under the Exchange Act effective from 01 March 2023.

The complete details can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

Scheme of Arrangement between Vedanta Limited and its Shareholders under Section 230 and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 2013

The Board of Directors of the Company, basis the recommendation of the Audit & Risk Management

Committee and Committee of Independent Directors of the Company, at its meeting held on 29 October 2021, approved the Scheme of Arrangement between the Company and its shareholders under Section 230 and other applicable provisions of the Act ("Scheme"). The Scheme provides for capital reorganisation of the Company, inter alia, providing for transfer of amounts standing to the credit of the General

Reserves (as defined in the Scheme) to the Retained Earnings (as defined in the Scheme) of the Company with effect from the Appointed Date.

The National Company Law Tribunal, Mumbai Bench ("NCLT") vide its order dated 26 August 2022 ("NCLT Order"), inter alia, directed the Company to:

1. Convene meeting of its equity shareholders to seek their approval to the Scheme; and

2. File consent affidavits of all the secured creditors and unsecured creditors of at least value of 90% of unsecured creditors, at the time of filing the Company

Scheme Petition.

In this regard, a meeting of the equity shareholders of the Company was held on 11 October 2022 and the proposed Scheme was approved by the equity shareholders with requisite majority.

The Company is in the process of complying with the further requirements specified in the NCLT Order.

Pursuant to the Scheme, the Company will possess greater flexibility to undertake capital related decisions and reflect a much efficient balance sheet of the Company. The

Scheme is in the interest of all stakeholders including public shareholders.

The complete details can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

Scheme of Amalgamation of Facor Power Limited into Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited and their respective Shareholders and Creditors under Section 230 to 232 of the Companies Act, 2013

The National Company Law Tribunal vide order dated 15 November 2022 has sanctioned the Scheme of Amalgamation of Facor Power Limited ("Transferor Company"), subsidiary of Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited into Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited ("Transferee Company"), a subsidiary of Vedanta Limited and their respective shareholders and creditors under Section 230 to

232 of the Act. The Transferor Company was dissolved without winding-up and merger effected from 22 November

2022 upon filing of certified copy of NCLT Order dated 15 November 2022 in INC-28.

Tie-up for long-term renewable power supply for the Vedanta Group

The Company has entered into certain long-term power security agreements to source Renewable Energy ("RE") for its operations across India, which will be created through dedicated Special Purpose Vehicle ("SPV") for each entity. The Power Delivery Agreements ("PDA") have been executed with SPVs i.e., affiliates of Serentica Renewables

India Private Limited ("SRIPL") to supply 1,626 Megawatts ("MW") of renewable power by 2025 which will not only strengthen our commitment towards a clean future but also

help reduce emissions to the tune of ~6.6 million tCO2^e.

The project is being conceived to be built under Group Captive model under an SPV, wherein the Company will own 26% of equity.

SRIPL shall help in setting-up RE Developer (the "Project"/"SPV") on Build Own Operate ("BOO") basis for supply of the Contracted Capacity of Renewable Power to Captive User/Consumer, under Group Captive arrangement on long-term basis as per the terms of the transaction document. Aligned with Vedanta's ESG vision of "Transforming for Good", the move marks the beginning in the series of actions by the Company to deliver on its goal of becoming

"Net Zero Carbon by 2050 or sooner" and "using 2.5 GW of Round the Clock ("RTC") Renewable Energy for its operations by 2030".

The complete details can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

ACQUISITIONS

In FY 2023, Vedanta Limited acquired Athena Chhattisgarh Power Limited ("ACPL"), under the liquidation proceedings of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 ("IBC"). ACPL is building a 1,200 MW (600 MW x 2) coal-based power plant located at Champa district, Chhattisgarh. The first

600 MW unit is ~80% completed and estimated to be fully complete by FY 2025. The plant is expected to fulfill the captive power requirements for the company's aluminium business.

Additionally, Vedanta Limited has been declared as successful bidder in FY 2023 for Meenakshi Energy Limited ("MEL") under Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process ("CIRP") under IBC. MEL is a 1,000 MW coal-based power plant located at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh comprising of two phases of 300 MW and 700 MW. The 300 MW is completed and has been operational in past. The plant utilises a mix of imported and domestic coal and is envisaged to function as IPP. The acquisition is currently pending NCLT approval. In furtherance to the same, Vedanta Limited has also been declared as preferred bidder for various mining and composite licenses namely Bicholim Iron Ore block in Goa, Sijimali Bauxite and Ghogharpalli Coal blocks in Odisha, Ghanpur Mudholi Copper and Sasoli Iron blocks in Maharashtra and Kewaldabri (Ni and Cr) block in Chhattisgarh.

PROJECTS AND EXPANSION PLAN

Projects are key driving factor of our Group as our aspirations for growth are very different from any of the peers globally.

HZL: As we march on the journey of 1.25 MTA MIC expansion, several projects have been undertaken throughout the year. RD mill revamping project for capacity enhancement to 1.3 MTPA will improve plant reliability by replacing obsolete Grinding, Floatation and Filtration and improve recovery of Zinc, Lead, Silver. The project is under full swing and is scheduled to be commissioned in Q1FY2024. In line with our vision of increasing metal volumes to 1.2 MTPA, new 160 KTPA Roaster will be installed in Debari for which EPC partner finalisation is under progress and final commissioning is targeted by

Q4FY2024. A new project of Hindustan Zinc Alloys is under final leg of completion with site execution completed and mechanical completion of line-1 is scheduled for completion by early Q1FY2024. Another project of 1.6 LTPA Fumer plant will help in additional metal to the tune of 40 TPA. The plan is to complete commissioning of plant through OEM support in Q1FY2024. HZL is also setting up new Fertiliser Plant in Chanderiya for which partner has been locked in and order placement to be completed in

Q1FY2024 and final completion in 24 months. For further phase of expansion of Mines and Smelters, studies are under progress and results are expected in FY 2024. Aluminium: We are currently India's largest primary Aluminium producers and aim to be among the top 5 global producers with expansion to 3 MTPA capacity along with 100% backward and forward integration. We have recently concluded ramp-up at Jharsuguda to 1.8 MTPA, a significant step towards our goal. Expansion activities are in full swing at Bharat Aluminium Co. Limited ("BALCO") and

1 MTPA project is estimated to be completed by first half of

FY 2025. We are committed to our journey of 100% Value Added Product ("VAP") Production and the current project pipeline is on track for completion in FY 2024. This would help us cater to growing demand from sunrise sectors such as EVs, Renewables, Defence, and Aerospace. This facility is expected to cater to more than 100 downstream SMEs.

Lanjigarh refinery expansion from 2 MTPA to 5 MTPA remains our key focus area with first alumina expected in

FY 2024. LOI has also been issued for the Sijimali bauxite block, with an estimated reserve of 311 million tonnes of bauxite. On the Coal front, operationalisation of Jamkhani coal mine was a significant milestone in the current year.

We also expect commencement of Kuraloi A North and Radhikapur West mines in the next 12-18 months. We were also declared the preferred bidder for Ghogharpalli coal block and Coal Mine Development & Production Agreement ("CMDPA") has been executed for Barra block. Collectively, this would comfortably help us gain 100% coal security and delink our operations from market volatility.

VZI: In line with our vision of increasing MIC from 300 KTPA to 600 KTPA, Zinc ("Zn") Concentrator Plant with capacity of 200 KTPA is on track, EPC partner has been locked and major long lead items ordering completed, project commissioning expected in Q1FY2025. For 210 KTPA

Gamsberg Smelter project, partner finalisation is under progress and project will be commissioned in Q4FY2025. The continuous focus is on increasing Gamsberg phase-2 will further enhance the mining capability and processing capacity to double the current volumes. Gamsberg mining potential from 45 MTPA to 100 MTPA through engaging various mining partners. Cairn: we remain committed to our journey of producing 50% of India's Oil & Gas production. In-line with our vision, we brought 55 wells online in FY 2023 across various assets. In Ravva, total 5 wells were put on production which led to increase in production from 10 kboepd to 13 kboepd. Cambay campaign– 3 wells were put online leading to increased volumes from 11kboepd to 13 kboepd. RDG Campaign – total 14 wells were put on production thereby increasing volume from 25 Kboepd to 29 Kboepd.

We continue to undertake further Infill Drilling campaigns across fields to maximise recovery and exploration campaigns to discover resources for further growth. We also expanded our geographical footprint and commenced production from Assam and Onshore Gujarat, thereby helping us diversify our asset base.

ESL: 3 MTPA project - The steel expansion project with an investment ofRs2,696 crore comes with additional Blast Furnace of 1,264 m³ supported by a 0.5 MTPA Coke Ovens, 2.4 MTPA Pellet Plant, 800 TPD Oxygen Plant and other auxiliaries and infrastructure upgradation including Railway siding to Plant head. This project also comes with a new 0.18 MTPA Ductile Iron Pipe Plant which will help us to maximise VAP. The project along with debottlenecking of BF#3, Sinter Plants and new LRF will take us to the capacity of 3 MTPA with the lowest quartile cost and premium product portfolio. Expected HCO #1 commissioning by Q1FY2024, RMHS by Q3FY2024, BF #1 completion by Q4FY2024. FACOR: This year, in March 2023, we have successfully commissioned the project of 33 MVA Furnace which will take Fe-Cr production from 90 KTPA to 15 KTPA. Additionally, 0.5 MTPA COB Tomka project for deploying additional Chrome ore Beneficiation plant outside the mining lease located in TOMKA, TOR has been approved, PH will be conducted soon. Project is expected to be completed by October 2023.

Nicomet: In FY 2023, we have successfully operationalised Nickle plant and were able to stabilise the plant operations for producing premium quality of our product. Additionally, we have successfully commissioned Nickle metal plant for producing Ni metal in Q4FY2023. First dispatch of NiSo4 and Ni metal executed in March 2023. Going forward, focus is on developing customer base in domestic and export market.

DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION POLICY AND DIVIDEND

In terms of the provisions of Regulation 43A of the Listing Regulations, the Company has adopted Dividend Distribution Policy to determine the distribution of dividends in accordance with the applicable provisions. The policy can be accessed on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com.

With consistent dividend as a healthy sign of our sustained growth, our firm belief in percolating the benefits of our business progress for widespread socioeconomic welfare facilitates the equitable sharing of our economic value generated. Attaining steady operational performance and a harmonised market environment in continuation of the historical trends helped us to reaffirm the realisation of competent numbers for FY 2023.

Return to Shareholders (` per share)

101.50

45.00 18.85 3.90 9.50

FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023

~30% dividend yield with record dividend declaration of `101.50/ share in FY 2023.

The Company has declared the following dividends during the year in compliance with the Dividend Distribution Policy:

Particulars		Interim Dividend – FY 2023
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
Date of Declaration	28 April 2022	19 July 2022	22 November 2022	27 January 2023	28 March 2023
Record Date	09 May 2022	27 July 2022	30 November 2022	04 February 2023	07 April 2023
Date of Payment		Within 30 days from the date of declaration
Rate of Dividend per share	31.50	19.50	17.50	12.50	20.50
(Face Value of `1 per share)
%	3,150	1,950	1,750	1,250	2,050
Total Payout (Rs in Crore)	11,710.14	7,249.13	6,505.63	4,646.88	7,620.89

Pursuant to the Finance Act, 2020, dividend is taxable in the hands of the shareholders with effective from 01 April 2020 and tax has been deducted at source on the Dividend at prevailing tax rates inclusive of applicable surcharge and cess based on information received by the Registrar and Transfer Agent ("RTA") and the Company from the Depositories.

The Board of Directors did not recommend any final dividend for the financial year ended 31 March 2023.

CREDIT RATING

Your Company is rated by CRISIL and India Rating and Research Private Limited on its various debt instruments. A detailed status of the Credit Ratings on various facilities including Bank Loans, Working Capital Lines, Non-Convertible Debentures and Commercial Papers forms part of the Report on Corporate Governance Report of this Annual Report.

ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY

Vedanta guided by its vision and mission adopts a comprehensive value creation process that leverages on all available resources and relationships while addressing material issues and strategic focus areas. At the core remains ESG, where our purpose ‘Transforming for Good', supplemented by the more comprehensive ‘Transforming Together' theme is deeply embedded into this value creation process. The inherent community value empowers our decision-making to drive business success, while contributing to the nation's growth. Our continuous endeavour is to build a sustainable world with a shared value creation for all stakeholders.

Our value creation drive is focussed on optimising capital allocation and maintaining a strong balance sheet while generating strong free cash flows. We invest in best-in-class equipment and machinery to ensure operational efficiency and safety, at both our current operations and expansion projects. We promote diversity, equality and inclusivity, while also investing in people development, safety and well-being. We empower them to think independently, creatively and innovatively. We strive to operate responsibly through sustainable use of resources and investing in various environmental goals.

Lastly, we are committed to nurturing lasting and enduring relationships with our stakeholders, built on trust and concern for their individual and collective well-being through meaningful engagements.

Vedanta's large, diversified asset portfolio, with an attractive cost position in many of its core businesses, enables us to deliver strong margins and free cash flows through the commodity cycle. Vedanta continued its strong growth momentum and witnessed steady volume performance across all businesses, with aluminium and zinc delivering record performance, despite the challenging environment, in terms of geo-politics, rising energy prices and uncertainty in commodities market.

At Vedanta, FY 2023 was a year of remarkable progress on the ESG front led by our ‘Transforming for Good' purpose. We positively touched more than 44 million lives through our CSR progammes, improved diversity, inclusion and governance practices and took major strides in the areas of carbon neutrality, water positivity and a greener business model.

In line with the past trends, we are proud to declare that we have contributed `73,486 crores to the public exchequer of the various countries where we operate in FY 2023. The total contribution to exchequer is the result of value addition by various business segments across their respective value chain and multiple hierarchies of business cycle.

Your Company publishes Tax Transparency Report which provides an overview of the tax strategy, governance and tax contributions made by the Company. Such report is a testimony to the conglomerate's endeavor towards absolute transparency in disclosure of profits made and taxes paid.

The report is available on the website at www.vedantalimited.com.

2. SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE APPROACH

Transforming for Good

Introduction:

The current fiscal year is significant as we focus on putting in place an Environmental, Social, and Governance ("ESG") framework to drive our ESG agenda for the long term. Our efforts are guided by senior management and supported by the creation of 14 Communities of Practice ("CoP") to drive and achieve results in specific directions. Our 3 Pillars and 9 aims set the path for us to become a leader in the ESG space. We have started building momentum towards achieving our commitments to our stakeholders, and our work plan for attaining our ESG goals is being put in place.

ESG Targets:

We are building our focus to achieve our stated 2030 ESG targets, which will improve our business sustainability and make us agile, future-ready, and an employer of choice. Our 14 CoPs are working towards achieving these goals, and we have made considerable efforts to align our future business trajectory with our ESG goals. Given the long-term nature of our targets, the roadmaps are constantly evolving, and our consistent and focussed approach towards these goals will help us to get near our targets.

Green Shoots/Major Achievements:

Considerable efforts are being made in every ESG aim that we are working on, and some significant achievements in FY 2023 give confidence to the Company that we are on right track. These include:

1. Transforming Communities:

• Our flagship Nand Ghar programme has reached 4,533 Nand Ghars, impacting 2.9 million women and children through our initiative.

• Our Corporate Social Responsibility programmes that focus on improving the skill sets of communities are helping around 4,00,000 families improve their earning potential and achieve financial independence.

2. Transforming Planet:

• PDAs are in place for 838 MW of Renewable Energy Round The Clock power for our operations, with the potential to abate

~7 MMtCO2^{e per year.}

• Four of our operations (Hindustan Zinc Limited, Cairn India, Iron Ore Business, and Black Mountain Mine) are now water positive.

3. Transforming Workplace:

• Our total women employee base has improved to 14% from our FY 2021 baseline of 11% which shows significant progress in making our workforce more diverse.

• Our women representation in decision-making roles is expected to improve from 12 to 16% in FY 2023, which means more leadership roles for women employees to lead businesses.

ESG Ratings:

Our jumpstart in ESG performance has been endorsed and acknowledged by ESG rating providers. We have improved our ESG rating in renowned ESG rating providers like Dow Jones Sustainability Index ("DJSI"), Sustainalytics, MSCI, CDP (Water) while retaining our CDP rating in climate performance. This is the result of putting organisation-wide efforts on changing the on-ground situation for the better, which is getting reflected in ESG ratings.

Challenges:

Safety Performance

While there are green shoots visible in almost all the ESG Key Performance Indicators, our safety performance remains a cause of concern. Unfortunately, we had 13 fatalities in FY 2023, which belied our efforts to improve our safety scores. To overcome this issue, we are implementing a Critical Risk Management ("CRM") framework at all our locations, which ensures working on top reasons/root causes for fatality elimination. CRM is a proven way to improve fatality reduction and has been implemented by global metals and mining majors. We are trying to fast-track the progress of this project as much as possible.

Growth Projects

Our growth projects planned from FY 2024 to FY 2030 period, while improving our portfolio of energy transition metals, will add more pressure on our environmental performance (emissions, water, waste, etc.). This growth project pipeline can affect our 2030 targets for environment, but we are devising the strategy for ensuring that our growth trajectory is as green as possible.

To achieve our ESG aims, we have created a strong pipeline of more than 1,100 projects in all 3 major areas of transformation, which will take us in the required direction. With the help of technology and focussed approach, we are on right track to achieve leadership position in ESG space.

BUSINESS RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

Since FY 2022, our Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report ("BRSR") disclosures have been aligned with the regulations issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"), which mandate compulsory disclosures for top 1,000 companies by market capitalisation in India. As per SEBI directives on Integrated Reporting ("IR"), the Company follows the <IR> framework of the International Integrated Reporting Council to report on all the six capitals that are used to create long-term stakeholder value and also continues to provide the requisite mapping of principles between the Integrated Report, the GRI and the Business Responsibility Report ("BRR") which has now been advanced to the BRSR as per new SEBI requirements. Hence, a BRSR containing basic information about the Company's sustainability practices is being published as a part of the Integrated Report this year. These disclosures will help Government to focus on major areas of policy actions and for improved compliance of ESG issues at large to align with Government's own goals for business sustainability.

As part of our commitment to upholding ESG priorities, the Board of Directors at Vedanta have taken steps to strengthen our focus on ESG matters. The Board-level ESG Committee meets every six months to oversee and guide the business on its ESG strategy. The Committee is headed by an Independent Director. Additionally, the Board is supported by ESG advisors with extensive expertise in areas such as communities and social performance, requiring collective efforts on various fronts. Details of the composition of the Committee, its terms and reference and information on ESG advisors, and the meetings held during FY 2023 are elucidated in the Corporate Governance Report.

A separate detailed report on company's Sustainability

Development also forms part of the Annual Reporting suite. Your Company publishes an annual Sustainability Report prepared in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative ("GRI") Standards; mapped to the United Nations Global Compact ("UNGC"); and aligned to Sustainable Development Goals ("SDGs"). It reports our approach and disclosure towards triple bottom line principles - People, Planet and Profit.

Detailed information about the Company's sustainability performance can be found in our annual Sustainability Report which can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

ENERGY CONSERVATION, TECHNOLOGY ABSORPTION AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS AND OUTGO

The information on conservation of energy, technology absorption stipulated under Section 134(3)(m) of the Act read with Rule 8 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, is annexed herewith as ‘Annexure A'.

The details of the Foreign Exchange Earnings and Outgo are as follows:

( Rs` in Crore)

Particulars	Standalone		Consolidated
	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2023	FY 2022
Expenditure in foreign	5,172	2,574	7,266	9,324
currency
Earnings in foreign	31,035	33,744	49,439	47,991
currency
CIF Value of Imports	26,437	22,918	34,137	29,520

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ("CSR")

Vedanta has committed itself towards reaching out and giving back to its communities. Creating an ecosystem of development through planned interventions, Vedanta is ensuring that its vision for the development of the nation reaches the farthest geographies.

With a consistent focus on bringing a transformational change in its communities, Vedanta is implementing sustainable and inclusive growth and has reached out to

4,39,14,230 total beneficiaries across 1,268 villages in FY 2023.

Spearheading Women and Child Development through its flagship project ‘Nand Ghar', a total of 4,533 centres across 14 states in India have been developed that cater to more than 3 lakh children and women of rural India. Nand Ghars are transforming the landscape of rural India with best-in-class infrastructure and facilities. Project Nand Ghar is emerging as synonymous to nutrition. This year, with Vedanta Delhi Half Marathon and Vedanta Pink City Half Marathon, more than 50,000 people ran for the cause "Zero Hunger". These marathons reached out to international and domestic runners and with the zeal and enthusiasm of the participants, Vedanta was able to commit 2 million meals for a healthy and nourished India. Catering to the needs of building a resilient future generation, Nand Ghar also launched a multi-millet nutria bar for children's holistic nutrition as part of its preparations for its objective for a healthy India.

Vedanta has always found its purpose in giving back multifold to its communities and ensuring no being is left behind. Broadening its reach into the realm of welfare,

Vedanta has launched a first of its kind,Animal Welfare Project, The Animal Care Organisation ("TACO"). An initiative focussed on improving animal health and welfare, TACO is currently operating in Haryana and Rajasthan. Its goal is to offer top-notch amenities, veterinary care, training, and animal shelters to protect and care for animals. Additionally, TACO has provided aid to Ranthambore National Park to help preserve the diverse wildlife found within the sanctuary.

Furthermore, to accelerate social growth and development, with a well-defined roadmap and a commitment to invest

`5,000 crore, Anil Agarwal Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Vedanta aims to take the mission of creating strong and resilient communities in India ahead.

In FY 2023, Vedanta has won several awards for its community development initiatives like National CSR Award, Platts Global Metal Awards for Corporate Social Responsibility, ICC Social Impact Award 2022, FICCI CSR Award 2022, 11^th India CSR Award 2022, India CSR Award etc.

An overview of CSR initiatives is provided in earlier section of this Annual Report and report on CSR activities for FY 2023 as per Section 135 of the Act and rules made thereunder forms part of this Directors' Report and is annexed hereto as ‘Annexure B'.

Further, the Company has in place a CSR Policy approved by the Board of Directors and the same can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

Excellence in Corporate Social Responsibility

An essential aspect of most of the programs is adopting a community engagement strategy that begins from the grassroots level. This approach fosters community ownership and long-term sustainability with efficiently implemented programs working for the betterment of the communities. Understanding and prioritising the needs of the communities, several interventions with focus on women and child development, healthcare, sustainable livelihood, sports and culture and community development have been designed and implemented across more than 1,000 villages.

Impact at a Glance

Nand Ghar 3,16,000 Women and Children Beneficiaries	Sports and Culture 3,55,525 Beneficiaries 13 Initiatives	Health 26,96,689 Beneficiaries 33 Initiatives	Women Empowerment 44,503 Beneficiaries 7 Initiatives	Drinking Water and Sanitation 6,25,528 Beneficiaries 17 Initiatives	Children Wellbeing and Education 3,87,25,079 Beneficiaries 28 Initiatives
Environment 4,19,670 Beneficiaries 3 Initiatives	Livelihood 94,577 Beneficiaries 11 Initiatives	Skill Development 5,400 Beneficiaries 10 Initiatives	Disaster Relief 50 Beneficiaries	Community Infrastructure/ Mobilisation 6,28,511 Beneficiaries 15 Initiatives

Impact Assessment

KPMG carried out a scoring exercise for each Business Unit wherein their relative performance per project was ascertained and presented basis the OECD-DAC Framework. It comprises a set of criteria that aids in the systemic and objective assessment of ongoing or completed development programs, their design, and implementation, using six evaluation criteria

Relevance, Coherence, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact and Sustainability.

The exercise of carrying out the studies were intended to provide an understanding of what were the best practices emerging from the study and what can be done next as part of the way forward.

The following process was undertaken to conduct the study

Adopting different study approaches based on existing community sentiment:	Strengthening existing impact map with SDG indicators	Recommendations for exiting/consolidating current programs	Strategic inputs for further strengthening of CSR programs with a focus on:
			• Impact
1. Research approach			• Perception
		Scoring each project
2. CSR focussed		Business Unit wise	of stakeholders
approach	Mixed methods approach		• Emerging priority areas
	to data collection -
	surveys, interviews and FGDs, etc.	Data analysis and benchmarking with national and state averages	• Business drivers

The following questions are asked through the study

What impact have the CSR activities been able to create (intended and unintended)?

How do local communities and other stakeholders perceive Vedanta's CSR activities vis-?-vis its business operations?

How are the CSR programs helping strengthen the social licence to operate for the respective Business Units?

What are the current needs of the community and baseline values for the indicators Vedanta wants to impact?

How are different projects/BUs/thematic areas performing with respect to each other and what course of corrective actions are needed?

 

Thematic Area	Indicators	(%)
	Ensure all achieve literacy	91
Education
	Improvement in passing percentage	62
Sustainable	Employed community members	79
Livelihoods	Association with Farmer Producer Organisations	23
	Placement rate of trained youth	91
Skilling
	Trained population that could retain their job beyond 18 months	39
Health, Water	Accessing public health facilities	85
and Sanitation	Population stating improvement in quality of healthcare	39
Community	Access to clean drinking water	55
Assets Creation	Presence of drinking water source within the house or its periphery	56
	Women associated with Self Help Groups	48
Women
Empowerment	Women that always make their own decisions on education, finances, family	52
	planning etc.

Primary Data

Perception of CSR Management

• 47 CSR Management Interviews were conducted across 8 Business Units of the Company

• 95% respondents feel that Vedanta's focus on business drivers through CSR over the last three years has improved community relations

75% respondents feel that CSR generates value and success for both the Company and society

25% respondents feel that CSR is an integral part of strategy that drives the business forward through the generation of trust

Only 6% respondents feel that CSR is a compliance requirement and is separate from the rest of the business

Secondary Data

A digital listing and topic analysis was performed on ESG activities of Vedanta Resources Limited ("VRL") and its subsidiaries across the World Wide Web to analyze the brand mentions and other digital media Key Performance Indicators ("KPIs") surrounding them.

This was done to understand the perception that netizens have around the brand's CSR activities and to identify opportunities for Vedanta that can be carried out as part of CSR.

Details of Impact assessment of CSR projects carried out in pursuance of sub-rule (3) of rule 8 of the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014

As per the revised CSR Rules issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") in January 2021, every company having an average CSR obligation of ten crore rupees or more in the three immediately preceding financial years, shall undertake impact assessment, through an independent agency, for their CSR projects having outlays of one crore rupees or more, and which have been completed not less than one year before undertaking the impact study.

In line with the above requirement, a brief outline of the projects for which Impact Assessment was carried out and the executive summary of the Impact Assessment Reports is annexed as 'Annexure B-1' to the Annual Report on CSR Activities for FY 2023 forming part of this Annual Report. The complete Impact Assessment Reports of the applicable projects can be accessed at the Web-link provided in the said annexure.

3. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Our Company has always aspired to build a culture that demonstrates world-class standards in safety, environment and sustainability. People are our most valuable asset and we are committed to provide all our employees, a safe and healthy work environment. Our culture exemplifies our core values and nurtures innovation, creativity and diversity. We ensure alignment of business goals and individual goals to enable our employees to grow on personal as well as professional front. It is through the passion and continued dedication of our people that our Company continues to succeed and we have always unequivocally and firmly believed in rewarding our people for their consistent efforts through our best-in-class and globally benchmarked people practices and reward programs.

We have been recognised for our people practices by coveted External Award:

• 100+ External Recognitions received in last 7 years

Vedanta Group identified as Great Place to Work second time in a row along with a special mention for being India's Best Employers Among Nation-Builders 2022

• Kincentric Best Employer Award 2022 for Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion

• Featured in Top 10 Happiest Workplaces 2022 by Business World along with other prominent brands

• Arogya World Healthiest Workplace Award - Recognised at Gold Level for Vedanta Group for best practices in Health and Well-Being 2022

• Recognised with Economic Times - Company with Great Managers year-on-year

Recognised for ‘Significant Achievement to HR

Excellence' by CII

People Practices

Best Talents to change Fabric of the Organisation- Right Roles, best benefits, career path and anchoring diverse talent: gender, skill and geography? 1,200+ Freshers out of which 150+ from premier campuses, 38% gender diversity, 12% minority and 30% Rank holders? Vedanta Leadership Development Program ("VLDP") hiring from top IITs and IIMs, XLRI, NITIE

? Hiring at mid and entry level positions from top global campuses from US, UK, Australia, Asia etc. ? Anchoring and mentorship by senior leaders, tracked digitally via V-Excel Platform for the campus hires

? Family Business Hiring is a unique initiative where the objective is to get professionals who bring entrepreneurial skillset into the system ? Global Talent and Subject Matter Experts hired with niche skillset to give us the competitive advantage. We have talents from around 30 different nationalities

Diversity Equity and Inclusion ("DEI") - Vedanta has already embarked with the journey to build an inclusive and empowered workforce. To create organisational capability for future, our BUs have differentiated themselves through continuous efforts in creating positive transformation that is based on meritocracy without any scope of discrimination on the ground of age, sex, colour, disability, marital status, nationality, caste or religion. Ensuring an inclusive environment is a key part of our belief that drives equality and innovation. All our DEI principles focus on:? Enabling and empowering diversity? Promoting equality? Inclusive policies? Inclusion of LGBTQ as a part of the workforce? Training and Sensitisation of workforce - Gender intelligence workshop? Project Pancchi, Sapnon ki Udaan was launched with Vedanta's focus on giving back to the community and Nation - Desh Ki Zarooraton ke Liye. It is aimed at the upliftment of the society by providing opportunity to groom 1,000 girls from the marginalised community and make them a part of our Vedanta Family. This program will focus on upskilling the ‘Pancchis' to enable them to work in business shop floors and other functions. This will strengthen them from all aspects - financially, emotionally and socially ensuring their safety and security

Leadership Development and Succession Planning - In line with our core philosophy of "Leadership from within", we run some of the industry's most sought after leadership development programs. We identify high quality talent with focus on young talent to make Vedanta truly ‘future-ready'

? Robust Second-in-line Leadership: The Emerging Leaders Program was a group-wide talent identification initiative, to identify and place Hi-Po talent in Deputy CXO Roles across businesses, SBUs and functions. 130 leaders were elevetated into key critical roles while shadowing the CXO. Successors identified through a rigorous structured process of assessments and feedback

? Executive Education and C-Suite Coaching: 100+ leaders identified for Executive Education programs from Premier

B-Schools like IIM B, ISB and INSEAD to enhance leadership and managerial acumen. All senior CXOs mapped with Internationally Acclaimed Executive Coaches

Enabling Women Leadership: V-Lead, our Flagship Women Leadership Development Program to create a strong pipeline of women CXOs and include them in decision-making bodies

? 120 high-potential women leaders covered ? 25 Vedanta CXOs anchoring V-Lead Leaders

? 80% of our V-Lead Leaders elevated to Leadership Roles in last two years through growth workshops, ACT-UP etc

.? 40% of our V-Lead Leaders recognised across Vedanta with the prestigious Chairman Awards

Complete Talent Coverage: Employees across all functions, grades, experience/seniority levels are included in our Talent Development Initiatives which ensures fast-tracked career progression for all employees at the right time

? This year, Multiple ACT-UP programs were held focussed on critical functions such as Projects and Mining. Unique initiatives such as Non-HR to HR, V-Excel, V-Reach Tech, V-Lead were executed

covering a specific pool of employees which included new campus hires, Cross-Functional leaders (Mining, Projects, Commercial and Marketing etc.) and Women Leaders. Gurukul, a digitally-driven feedback-centric Learning and Development initiative which gives internal leaders and external experts a platform to share their expertise, has grown and now boasts of a 24*7 digital repository of all knowledge sessions along with top emerging ideas

A detailed update on People and Culture detailing the Company's initiatives, recruitment strategy, hiring projects and talent management and development is elucidated in the Sustainability and ESG Section of the Annual Report.

EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION SCHEME ("ESOS")

Employee stock options is a conditional share plan for rewarding performance on pre-determined performance criteria and continued employment with the Company. It provides a much better line-of-sight to all the employees and gives the control of outcome to employees.

Our Company had launched a stocks-based incentive scheme viz., ‘Vedanta Limited Employee Stock Option Scheme 2016'. The Scheme was framed with a view to reward employees for their contribution in successful operation of the Company with wealth creation opportunities, encouraging high-growth performance and reinforcing employee pride.

The Scheme was launched after obtaining statutory approvals, including shareholders' approval by way of postal ballot on 12 December 2016.

On 28 October 2022, the Nomination & Remuneration Committee ("NRC") approved the grant of Employee Stock Options 2022 to Vedanta employees covering 43% of eligible population. For the first time, all the campus hires were provided with stock options, to enable young talent to grow and contribute towards overall business performance.

In order to align the scheme with the best-in-class reward practices globally and pertinent Indian peers, as well as to emphasise on our value system of ‘CARE' for employees and culture of ‘Pay for Performance', the ESOS 2022 plan is driven by Business and Individual performance.

The scheme is robust with an objective to place greater prominence on superior individual performance thereby recognising high performing talent while keeping them accountable for business delivery. It has been ensured that the scheme fulfils its motive of wealth creation for employees to fulfill their financial goals and at the same time gives them the sense of ownership.

Vesting of the awarded grants are completely based on performance, linked to individual & business parameters. Since this is a long-term incentive, continued employment with the company from the grant till vesting is a construed condition to be eligible for vesting. Vedanta follows performance-based cliff vesting with vesting on 3^rd anniversary of grant. To give prime importance to sustainable business delivery, ESG and Carbon footprint are part of additional parameters to measure business performance. To ensure that we operate sustainably in line with our motto of ‘zero harm, zero waste and zero discharge', multiplier based on fatalities has also been included as a performance parameter for vesting.

The Scheme is currently administered through Vedanta Limited ESOS Trust ("ESOS Trust") which is authorised by the Shareholders to acquire the Company's shares from secondary market from time to time, for implementation of the Scheme. No employee has been issued stock options during the year, equal to or exceeding 1% of the issued capital of the Company at the time of grant. During the year, the acquisition by the Trust does not exceed 2% of the paid-up capital of the Company. Further, the total acquisition by Trust at no time exceeded 5% of the paid-up equity capital of the Company. Pursuant to the provisions of SEBI (Share Based Employee

Benefits and Sweat Equity) Regulations, 202

1( "Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity Regulations" )

, disclosure with respect to the ESOS Scheme of the Company as on 31 March 2023 is available on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com.

The Company confirms that the Scheme complies with the Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity Regulations and there have been no material changes to the plan during the financial year.

A certificate from M/s Vinod Kothari & Company, Practicing

Company Secretaries, Secretarial Auditors, with respect to the implementation of the Company's ESOS Schemes, would be placed before the shareholders at the ensuing Annual General Meeting ("AGM"). A copy of the same will also be available for inspection through electronic mode.

MANAGERIAL REMUNERATION, EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND RELATED DISCLOSURES

The remuneration paid to Directors, Key Managerial Personnel ("KMP"), and Senior Management Personnel ("SMP") during FY 2023 was in accordance with the Nomination and Remuneration Policy of the Company. Disclosures under Section 197 of the Act and Rule 5(1) of the Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules, 2014 ("Rules") relating to the remuneration and other details as required are appended as 'Annexure C' to the Report.

In terms of provision of Section 136 of the Act and Rule 5(2), the Report and the Financial Statements are being sent to the Members of the Company excluding the statement of particulars of employees as prescribed under Rule 5(2) of the Rules. The said information is available for inspection through electronic mode. Any member interested in obtaining a copy of the said statement may write to the Company Secretary and the same shall be furnished upon such request.

COMPENSATION GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AT VEDANTA

Our Compensation Philosophy: People are our greatest asset and we are committed to providing all our employees, a safe and healthy work environment. Linkage of Reward Priorities to Business Priorities Ensuring a Uniform Experience Across Group. Built on the core objective of driving ‘Pay for Performance' culture, the mix of components of the Executive Compensation aims to drive the short as well as long-term interests of the Company and its shareholders through strong emphasis on operational/financial fundamentals, social licence to operate, business sustainability and strategic objectives of resource and reserve creation along with wealth creation for stakeholders.

Executive Committee Members

Maximum
	31	38	31
On-Target
	34	42	24
Minimum
			100
Fixed Pay	Annual Bonus	LTIP

Ratio of Fixed Pay vs Variable Pay in Senior Executives' Remuneration

Linkage to ESG/Safety

? Scorecard-based performance management approach:

Greater emphasis is laid on setting of objective KPIs along with the continuous performance dialogue

? Culture of safety and sustainability to achieve our ultimate vision of "Zero Harm", "Zero Waste" and "Zero Discharge": The safety and sustainability scorecards under the Vedanta Sustainability Assurance Program form an integral component. Progressively, impact of carbon footprint has been added as a performance parameter

? ESG Component in Annual Performance Bonus: Based on a balanced scorecard of financial, operational, sustainability & ESG, people and strategic metrics, appropriate weightage is allocated to efforts towards business and individual performance. Business performance parameters include Volume, CoP, FCF, EBITDA, Reserves. Any fatality in the group impacts the variable of the employees.

? Long Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"): The vesting is attributed to sustained business and individual performance against the pre-determined performance criterion which also includes ESG and Carbon Footprint

? Employee Benefits Policy: Road-based transportation is responsible for ~12% of global GHG emissions. At Vedanta, we have committed to do our bit to eliminate these emissions. As an organisation, we want to ensure that 100% of our light motor vehicles are decarbonised by 2030. Towards the above goals, a radical change to our Company Car Policy was announced involving Electric Vehicle ("EV") Kicker to incentivise employees to opt for EV. Additionally, a new policy on EV Incentive for the purchase of electric two-wheelers was launched to benefit all the employees across the organisation

? Governance: The Executive Compensation Philosophy is well established and benchmarked across relevant industry comparators which enables us to differentiate people on the basis of performance, potential and criticality in order to provide a competitive advantage in the industry. All parameters are reviewed each year by the NRC. Timely risk assessment of compensation practices is done in addition to review of all components of compensation for consistency with stated compensation philosophy

? Voice of the Employee: Involvement of bright minds from diverse functions and best in market external partners as well as timely communication to ensure transparency to all employees

Vedanta has been built on a strong foundation of governance where the Board, Key Executives and

Compliance Officer have been vigilant and committed to ensure structural integrity, soundness and highest standards of compensation practices. Over the last few years, we have matured many of our reward practices as an attempt to continue to raise the bar

? The composition of NRC is in compliance with the Listing Regulations and majority of the members are Independent Directors. The Chairman of the Committee is an Independent Director

? The members of NRC together bring out the rich expertise, diverse perspectives and independence in decision-making on all matters of remuneration for Directors, KMP and SMP. The Independent Directors are actively engaged throughout the year as members of NRC in various people matters even beyond remuneration

? A Board charter appoints and sets primary responsibilities of NRC which includes selecting, compensating, monitoring and, when necessary, replacing key executives and overseeing succession planning

? Best-in-class independent consultants are engaged to advise and support the Committee on matters of Board evaluation and leading reward practices in the industry

? Timely risk assessment of compensation practices is carried in addition to review of all the components of compensation for consistency with stated compensation philosophy:

? Financial analysis and simulation of the long-term cost of reward plans and their Return on Investments ("ROI") ? Provision of claw back clause as part of the ground rules of our long-term incentive scheme for all our leaders

? Upper limits and caps defined on incentive pay-outs in the event of over-achievement of targets to avoid windfall gains? We do not encourage provision of excessive perks or special clauses as a part of employee contract such as:

? No provision of Severance Pay in Employment contracts of Whole-Time Directors ("WTD"), KMP and SMP

? No Tax Gross up done for executives except for expatriates as a part of tax equalisation ? No provision of unearned incentives/unvested Stock or Cash Options

Any benefit provided to Key Executives (including but not limited to CEO/CFO/CHRO) are available to all the employees of the Company as per the defined Company policy.

We continue to corroborate the Internal Pay Equity

Principles, sustained attention to equity grant practices and maintain checks and balances to confirm that the practices are legally and ethically compliant with international, national and state/regional laws.

PREVENTION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE ("POSH")

The Company has zero tolerance for sexual harassment at workplace and has adopted a Policy on Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal of Sexual Harassment at Workplace in line with the provisions of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 and the Rules made thereunder for prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment at workplace. As part of Vedanta Group, your Company is an equal opportunity employer and believes in providing opportunity and key positions to women professionals. The Group has endeavoured to encourage women professionals by creating proper policies to tackle issues relating to safe and proper working conditions and create and maintain a healthy and conducive work environment that is free from discrimination. This includes discrimination on any basis, including gender, as well as any form of sexual harassment. During the period under review, seventeen (17) complaints were received and resolved. Your Company has constituted Internal Complaints Committee ("ICC") for various business divisions and offices, as per the requirements of the

Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.

4. RISK MANAGEMENT

RISK MANAGEMENT

The businesses are exposed to a variety of risks, which are inherent to a global natural resources organisation. The effective management of risk is critical to support the delivery of the Group's strategic objectives. Risk management is embedded in the organisation's processes and the risk framework helps the organisation meet its objectives by aligning operating controls with the mission and vision of the Group set by the Board. As part of our governance philosophy, the Board has a Risk Management Committee to ensure a robust risk management system. The details of Committee and its terms of reference are set out in the Corporate Governance Report which forms part of this Annual Report. With effect from 06 June 2020, the Risk Management Committee has been consolidated with the Audit Committee comprising of only Independent Directors ensuring robust risk management systems in place with valued feedback of Independent Directors being on the Committee.

Our risk management framework is designed to be simple, consistent and clear for managing and reporting risks from the Group's businesses to the Board. Our management systems, organisational structures, processes, standards, and code of conduct together form the system of internal controls that govern how we conduct business and manage associated risks. We have a multi-layered risk management framework to effectively mitigate the various risks, which our businesses are exposed to in the course of their operations. The The Audit & Risk Management Committee of the Board aids the Board in the risk management process by identification and assessment of any changes in risk exposure, review of risk control measures and by approval of remedial actions, where appropriate. The said Board-level Committee is in turn, supported by the Internal Group Risk Executive Management Committee ("GRMC") which helps the said Board-level Audit & Risk Management Committee in evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of the risk mitigation program and the control systems.

Major risks identified by businesses and functions are systematically addressed through mitigating actions. Risk officers have also been formally nominated at operating businesses, as well as at the Group level, to develop the risk management culture within the businesses. The Risk Management Policy of the Company revised in 2019 covers cybersecurity as well.

Group Risk Management Framework

For a detailed risk analysis, you may like to refer to the risk section in the Management Discussion and Analysis Report which forms part of this Annual Report.

CYBER SECURITY

The Group has a structured framework for cybersecurity. The Audit & Risk Management Committee ensures the overall responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity frameworks. Each of the Business Units has a Chief Information Officer ( "CIO") with suitable experience in Information/Cybersecurity. Every year, cybersecurity review is carried out by IT experts (belonging to IT practices of Big-

4 firms). Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing

("VAPT") review is also carried out by cyber experts. This practice has been in place for several years now and has helped in strengthening the cyber security environment in the Group. At the same time, the external environment on cybersecurity is continuously evolving. The respective CIOs are responsible for ensuring appropriate controls are in place to address the emerging cyber risks.

INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROLS

Your Board has devised systems, policies, and procedures/ frameworks, which are currently operational within the

Company for ensuring the orderly and efficient conduct of its business, which includes adherence to policies, safeguarding its assets, prevention and detection of frauds and errors, accuracy and completeness of the accounting records and timely preparation of reliable financial information. In line with the best practices, the Audit & Risk Management Committee and the Board reviews these internal control systems to ensure they remain effective and are achieving their intended purpose. Where weaknesses, if any, are identified as a result of the reviews, new procedures are put in place to strengthen controls. These controls are in turn reviewed at regular intervals. The systems/frameworks include proper delegation of authority, operating philosophies, policies and procedures, effective IT systems aligned to business requirements, an internal audit framework an ethics framework, a risk management framework, and adequate segregation of duties to ensure an acceptable level of risk. Documented controls are in place for business processes and IT general controls. Key controls are tested by entities to assure that these are operating effectively. Besides, the Company has also adopted an SAP GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance) framework to strengthen the internal control and segregation of duties/access. The Company has documented Standard Operating Procedures ("SOP") for procurement, project/expansion management capital expenditure, human resources, sales and marketing, finance, treasury, compliance, Safety, Health, and Environment ("SHE"), and manufacturing. The Group's internal audit activity is managed through the Management Assurance Services ("MAS") function. It is an important element of the overall process by which the Audit & Risk Management Committee and the Board obtains the assurance on the effectiveness of the relevant internal controls.

The scope of work, authority and resources of MAS are regularly reviewed by the Audit & Risk Management Committee. Besides, its work is supported by the services of leading international accountancy firms.

The Company's system of internal audit includes covering monthly physical verification of inventory, a monthly review of accounts and a quarterly review of critical business processes. To enhance internal controls, the internal audit follows a stringent grading mechanism, focusing on the implementation of recommendations of the internal auditors. The internal auditors make periodic presentations on audit observations, including the status of follow-up to the Audit & Risk Management Committee.

The Company's Internal Financial Control ("IFC") framework is commensurate with the size, nature and complexity of the Company's operations and is based on the criteria aligned to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") framework and requirement of the Act. Through the IFC framework in place, the Audit & Risk Management Committee and the Board gains assurance from the management on the adequacy and effectiveness of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting ("ICOFR").

In addition, as part of their role, the Board and its Committees routinely monitor the Group's material business risks. Due to the limitations inherent in any risk management system, the process for identifying, evaluating, and managing the material business risks is designed to manage, rather than eliminate risk. Besides, it is created to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss.

Since the Company has strong internal control systems which are further strengthened by periodic reviews as required under the Listing Regulations and ICOFR compliance by the Statutory Auditors, the Chief Executive

Officer ( "CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ( "CFO") recommend to the Board continued strong internal financial controls.

There have been no significant changes in the Company's internal financial controls during the year that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect its internal financial controls, other than as mentioned in the "Audit Report and Auditors" section of this Report.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Moreover, in the design and evaluation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, the management was required to apply its judgement in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Further, the Audit & Risk Management Committee annually evaluates the internal financial controls for ensuring that the Company has implemented robust systems/framework of internal financial controls viz. the policies and procedures adopted by the Company for ensuring the orderly and efficient conduct of its business, including adherence to company's policies, the safeguarding of its assets, the prevention and detection of frauds and errors, the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, and the timely preparation of reliable financial information.

"Internal Financial Control are policies and procedures adopted by the Company for ensuring the orderly and efficient conduct of its business, including adherence to

Company's policies, the safeguarding of its assets, the prevention and detection of frauds and errors, the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, and the timely preparation of reliable financial information."

VIGIL MECHANISM

The Company has in place a robust vigil mechanism for reporting genuine concerns through the Company's Whistle-Blower Policy. As per the Policy adopted by various businesses in the Group, all complaints are reported to the Director – MAS, who is independent of operating management and the businesses. In line with global practices, dedicated email IDs, a centralised database, a 24x7 whistle-blower hotline and a web-based portal have been created to facilitate receipt of complaints. All employees and stakeholders can register their integrity related concerns either by calling the toll-free number or by writing on the web-based portal which is managed by an independent third party. The hotline provides multiple local language options. All cases reported as part of whistle-blower mechanism are taken to their logical conclusion within a reasonable timeframe. After the investigation, established cases are brought to the Group Ethics Committee for decision-making. All Whistle-Blower cases are periodically presented and reported to the Company's Audit & Risk Management Committee. The details of this process are also provided in the Corporate Governance Report and the Whistle-Blower Policy is available on the Company's website at www.vedantalimited.com.

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The Management Discussion and Analysis Report for the year under review, as specified under Regulation 34 read with Schedule V of Listing Regulations is presented in a separate section, forming part of this Annual Report.

5. INNOVATION, DIGITALISATION AND TECHNOLOGY

INNOVATION, DIGITALISATION AND TECHNOLOGY

At Vedanta, we have a tech-forward strategy which aims to create a One-Vedanta experience while boosting operational effectiveness and productivity, fully embracing digitalisation, and fostering a culture of digital inclusion among employees while creating a start-up ecosystem.

Vedanta's digital-first approach has a keen focus on advanced technologies which has resulted in improved processes, volume upliftment and easy access to information for effective decision-making.

In FY 2023, through digital initiatives, we are looking to achieve tangible value in the form of 1.5x growth in EBITDA impact and gains such as enhanced safety and security, sustainability, better governance, and improved employee productivity. At the Group level, Project Pratham was launched as a flagship program to facilitate the rapid digital transformation across our businesses. Each of Vedanta's businesses has embarked on their own transformational journey towards digitalisation and innovation. In our mining & smelting complexes, we are at the forefront in implementing smart manufacturing by leveraging technologies under the Industry 4.0 umbrella.

Initiatives that were implemented in current fiscal year include Integrated Petro-Technical Cloud at Cairn Oil & Gas, Smoke Hours Drilling (Tele-remote and Automation) at Hindustan Zinc Limited, Coal Blend Optimisation at Sesa

Goa, ‘V-Aikyam' as our new digital Human Resource and Performance Management System to enhance employee experience and ‘V-Unified' to have a complete standardised and uniform Health, Safety and Environment ("HSE") observation reporting platform across the Group.

Building upon the success of the previous edition, we introduced the second edition of Vedanta Spark, or ‘Vedanta Spark 2.0' to collaborate with creative start-ups and take use of their technological capabilities and agility. In this edition, Vedanta carried out more than 30 unique start-up engagements catering to 70+ pilot projects to solve business challenges across Vedanta's diversified business. Moreover,

Vedanta is establishing its Corporate Venture Capital to support these budding start-ups, to mentor them, and to help them unlock their true potential and value.

To encourage innovation within the Company, the

‘V-Ideate' (Innovation and Technology theme) programme was launched. Employees and partners submitted 100+ business ideas as part of this effort which aims to reward grassroots inventions and bring about a digital cultural shift. ‘Spotlight' and ‘Think Digital' initiatives sensitised the workforce towards disruptive innovations and technology implementation happening within and outside the organisation.

We are extremely focussed in bringing about a culture change into empowering users to take advantage of advances in technology and even in day-to-day activities, to supply tomorrow's metals and energy in an effective and sustainable way. Vedanta will keep on expanding on its accomplishments in the mining and metals as well as the oil

& gas sectors to realise the true potential of the digital age.

POLICY & ADVOCACY

Vedanta's initiatives are essentially premised on its ‘Nation-First' philosophy. Vedanta's advocacy aims to create an enabling regulatory framework to fulfil the resource needs of the country, be it those of green energy, electric vehicles, or infrastructure. This is executed through participation in stakeholder consultations on global value chains, ease of doing business, financial reforms and other matters related to responsible business practices. Because of our frequent collaborations with academia, think-tanks, industry associations and media organisations, our initiatives are strongly backed by research and holistic stakeholder feedback. India's growth story requires an abundance of minerals, metals and fuel, which Vedanta aims to support.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)

R&D is a critical component of Vedanta's growth strategy. It enables us to stay competitive by developing innovative products and services that meet the changing needs of customers. Vedanta invests a significant amount of resources into R&D to improve the quality of its products and services, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. R&D helps the Company to differentiate itself from competitors and maintain its market position.

? In Aluminium business, the R&D vertical has been working diligently to deliver innovative solutions in several key areas, including new product development, waste to wealth, beneficiation of Bauxite and process intensification.

• In the waste to wealth segment, FY 2023 was a year of successful transformation of collaborative projects from laboratory developed processes to the stage of setting up a pilot plant.

• Notable among these were recovery of high purity graphite >99% and cryolite from the wastes like Spent Pot Liner and Shot Blast Dust. With high purity graphite, Applications Development programme has been initiated for development of Anode of Lithium Battery, Electrostatic Dissipative coating and Conductive ink. Pilot Plants from these innovative processes will not only help to reduce environmental impact but also create new revenue streams for our business. • along with crystals

Synthesis of high purity AlF3

of pure silica gel from dross slag waste is one of another significant achievement done in the lab scale and is now planned for a Pilot Plant and subsequent commercialisation. Such projects of extracting the valuables from waste will set perfect examples of Circular Economy.

• Aligning with the net zero carbon goal, innovative research initiatives are being taken to reduce net carbon consumption. Specialised coating on Carbon Anodes will have a potential to reduce Net Carbon Consumption by 10 kg per million tonnes of Aluminium, this will translate to reduction in 0.06 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. It is worth mentioning that we are carrying out a high-end Modelling and Simulation exercise of Carbon anode to reduce the voltage drop to the extent of 2 mV in Pot Line by an improved green manufacturing process.

• In the category of New Product, two new alloys have been developed and prototypes have been demonstrated. High strength 6XXX series alloy with 20% higher strength has been developed by new alloy design including homogenisation cycle, extrusion process and heat treatment cycle optimisation. This will lead to increase the wind load bearing capacity of doors and windows assembly. Lead and Tin free highly machinable 6XXX series alloy has been developed for automotive segments by new alloy designing and process optimisation. Machining properties like higher cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate can be achieved with lower cutting force and superior surface finish for this alloy.

• In the beneficiation of Bauxite , we have developed a process to improve the Alumina to iron oxide ratio which will result into reduced generation of Red Mud by at least 20%. Beneficiation of

Bauxite to reduce reactive Silica by almost 1% has shown promising results for plant level commercialisation. Utilisation of Red Mud has been a major focus area where we have already initiated and entered into a big collaboration with other industrial players and CSIR laboratories and JNARDDC, Nagpur for a technology development for holistic utilisation of red mud for extraction of metallic values and residue utilisation. We have also developed recipe to utilise Red Mud for partial substitution of sand, Road Sub Layer and Red Mud based Geo Polymer Concrete.

? Hindustan Zinc Limited has stayed focussed on business outcomes, and research activities have been initiated in multiple areas of interest, including additional process monitoring, digital data analysis and process simulation. We remain focussed on aspects related to the changing characteristics of the ore, while looking into improving our mineral processing and smelting processes for increased recovery and efficiency. Collaboration with world-class universities and institutes, technology providers, and start-ups is an essential part of our innovation process. Significant commercial implementations of this year include process for increasing Ag metal recovery during production of lead concentrates. Successful plant implementation has been achieved for enhanced minor metal recovery from smelter residues. In the coming year, we are aiming to develop process control strategies based on the new process parameter measurements and data analysis.

? Specific R&D focussed projects include:

• Implemented the process to improve silver recovery at Zawar by utilising silver promoter reagent

• Deployed non-hazardous flotation/depression reagent for graphite across sites

• Alternative low-capex process for jarosite preparation for its use in cement industry, customer test ongoing

• Sodium-based salt production from Effluent stream and its use in hydro process

Increase the current efficiency of Zn electrowinning process and improve quality of HG grade Zinc in the manually operated zinc cell house

• Geo-metallurgical studies have provided advance insight of ore performance to guide flotation recipe for plant problem-solving and to support mines expansion plans

• Optimise the use of strontium-based reagent and explore the alternate reagent to suppress Pb impurities in zinc cell house

? At Copper business, the unit is engaged into innovative Collaborative Research programme of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India as Industrial Beneficiary wherein can be preferentially adsorbed and converted into

CO2

Carbon nanostructures or even high vale methanol or Formic Acid.

• R&D activities at Copper business involve debottlenecking, backward integration and process improvements for quality, cost optimisation and recycling.

• In the journey towards 'Green Copper', we are executing a renewable energy supply contract for the entire Silvassa unit's electricity requirement, with an estimated reduction of the carbon footprint by approximately 58%.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning based smart fuel optimisation project under the digitalisation initiative in our furnaces has been implemented and is estimated to reduce 3,554 eq./year.

tCO2

• Under the sustainable packaging initiative, a 100% recyclable packaging solution has been introduced for the copper rod. This packaging provides protection even under adverse climate conditions and has led to customer delight.

• With the view to recover minor metals and ensure additional revenue, some crucial in-house R&D has been performed and a new process to recover Precious Metals from anode Slime has been successfully developed. In addition to this, tellurium has also been recovered. Along with it, Selenium recovery trials are in pipeline.

? In Iron & Steel sector, the focus is to produce green steel, green pig iron and green iron ore production.

• Currently R&D study is ongoing with the IIT, Bombay to develop technology for green hydrogen production. IIT, Bombay has done studies on industrial iron ore samples and witnessed positive outcomes. Further development is in progress and we have extended our engagement by another six months.

• At our Met coke division (VAB), with in-house design modifications, we have reduced the coking cycle by 4 hours and gained 4% productivity by modifying refractory design (introducing tongue and groove floor refractory brick) and MOC.

• Further under digitalisation, we are using AI-ML based coal blend optimiser model in our coke oven (VAB) which has resulted in cost saving and quality benefit of coke and similar model is being applied in our blast furnace for burden Optimisation.

??In Cairn, focus is to enhance production, improved operational efficiencies and reduced exposure to risk through R&D vertical.

• For enhancing production, an extensive hydraulic fracturing campaign (>40 wells) in Mangala field was carried out to improve productivity in wells which had seen significant drop due to polymer deposition related near well damage. This is the largest such campaign carried out in multi-Darcy reservoir (4-5 Darcy), perhaps for the first time anywhere in the world.

• We are also exploring the feasibility of taping the potential of Geothermal energy in our Rajasthan gas fields in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology ("IIT").

• We have also collaborated with TERI research institute for examining the feasibility of microbial injection in Bhagyam field, which can reduce the oil viscosity and lead to incremental recoveries.

• As part of our digitalisation journey, we have implemented the "Smart Oilfield" technology as a part of our digitalisation efforts to transform our ways of working.

For improving operational efficiencies, we have undertaken end-to-end digitalisation from supply to consumption of polymer to enhance tracking, improve quality, optimise usage, and reduce the overall cost.

• We are also utilising machine learning based reservoir-stimulation models to automate routine surveillance tasks and build analytical models to make data-driven decisions for production enhancement.

• Cairn has also rolled out the Metaverse platform for improved employee engagement while ramping up AR/VR-based HSE training for plant employees.

6. INVESTOR RELATIONS

Vedanta has an active Investor Relations function ("IR function") that continuously engages with domestic and international shareholders and proactively solicits input from all stakeholders. The function strives to continuously incorporate and outperform international benchmarks for IR practices. The IR function endeavours to communicate the Company's unique investment case and value creation potential, to capital market participants, to enable fair valuation of the Company's stock.

Shareholder Engagement

The IR Function engages with shareholders at various platforms to communicate business outlook, risks and opportunities, new macro and company specific developments. This reduces information asymmetry and builds positive perception. The engagement platforms include quarterly earnings calls, Investor/Analyst Day, site visits for key businesses, sell-side conferences, one-on-one and group meetings. These engagements are extended to include the senior leadership of the Company on occasions. These engagement opportunities, with the Group's Promoters, CEO and CFO along with business CXOs are well appreciated by the shareholder and analysts.

Shareholder Communication

Shareholders can contact the Company at any time with the contact details available online for Queries, Concerns and Inquiries or Feedback at www.vedantalimited.com. The feedback, suggestions and concerns shared by our shareholders and analysts are promptly communicated to the Board through the Chairman, the Senior Independent Director, the CEO, the CFO, Investor Relations Head and Company Secretary. Continuous communication with our stakeholders enables the Board and senior management to gain insight into shareholder perception and concerns.

Shareholder Disclosures

Vedanta has set high standards of reporting through detailed and transparent disclosures on the Company's operational and financial performance. Your Company had voluntarily created its first Integrated Report (for FY 2018) and continued its publication ever since. An integrated report has a forward-looking focus and sets out how an organisation's strategy, governance and performance lead to creation of value. The Company has a digital, interactive microsite on the Vedanta corporate website to provide an interactive experience to shareholders, investors and analysts among other stakeholders. This enables timely dissemination of business updates beyond the communication through annual reports and quarterly results collaterals. The Company was declared the ‘Platinum Winner' within its industry in $10+ billion revenue category at the LACP Vision Awards for its Integrated Annual Report FY 2022.

KEY INITIATIVES WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS

The Company maintains its focus on all-round development and contribution towards its stakeholders. The Integrated Report and the Sustainability Report, which are separately published, provide detailed information on the ESG and investor-focussed key initiatives taken by the Company towards its employees, shareholders, investors, business partners, civil society, local community and nation at large.

7. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

REPORT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ("CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT")

Good corporate governance underpins the way we conduct business. Your Directors reaffirm their continued commitment to the highest level of corporate governance practices. Your Company fully adheres to the standards set out by the SEBI for corporate governance practices.

Your Company is consistent in maintaining the exemplary standards of corporate governance in the management of its affairs and ensuring its activities reflect the culture we wish to nurture with our colleagues and other stakeholders.

As part of commitment to the various stakeholders, the Company follows global best practices. To meet its obligations towards its shareholders and other stakeholders, the Company has a corporate culture of conscience and consciousness, integrity, transparency and accountability for efficient and ethical conduct of business.

Our disclosures seek to attain the best practices in international corporate governance, and we constantly endeavor to enhance long-term shareholder value. Our Corporate Governance Report for FY 2023 forms part of this Annual Report.

DIRECTORATE, KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL

The Board of Directors of the Company provide entrepreneurial leadership and plays a crucial role in providing strategic supervision, overseeing the management performance, and long-term success of the Company while ensuring sustainable shareholder value. Driven by its guiding principles of Corporate Governance, the Board's actions endeavor to work in the best interest of the Company.

The Directors hold a fiduciary position, exercises independent judgement, and plays a vital role in the oversight of the Company's affairs. Our Board represents a tapestry of complementary skills, attributes, perspectives and includes individuals with financial experience and a diverse background.

In line with the recommendation of SEBI and our relentless endeavor to adhere to the global best practices, the Company is chaired by Mr. Anil Agarwal, Non-Executive Chairman effective 01 April 2020.

Directors

During FY 2023, no new appointment was made on the Board of the Company.

Further, pursuant to the recommendation of NRC, the Board approved the re-appointment of Mr. Akhilesh Joshi (DIN: 01920024) for a 2^nd and final term of 2 years effective from 01 July 2022 to 30 June 2024, Ms. Padmini Sekhsaria (DIN: 00046486) for a 2^nd and final term of 2 years effective from 05 February 2023 to 04 February 2025 and Mr. DD Jalan (DIN: 00006882) for a 2^nd and final term of 3 years effective from 01 April 2023 to 31 March 2026.

The re-appointment of Mr. Akhilesh Joshi was approved by shareholders in the Annual General Meeting held on 10 August 2022 and the re-appointment of Ms. Padmini Sekhsaria and Mr. DD Jalan were approved by the shareholders through postal ballot resolution on 28 April 2023. In the opinion of the Board, the Independent Directors re-appointed during the year, possess requisite integrity, expertise, experience and proficiency.

Brief Profile and other related information seeking re-appointment is provided in the AGM Notice.

Key Managerial Personnel

Mr. Ajay Goel, Acting Group Chief Financial Officer of the

Company tendered his resignation in the Board Meeting dated 28 March 2023 effective from close of business hours on 09 April 2023. The Board took note of the same and placed on record its sincere appreciation for the services rendered by him during his tenure and wished him the very best for his future endeavours.

Senior Management Personnel

The Board, on the basis of the recommendation of NRC, in its meeting held on 27 January 2023, appointed Mr. Nicholas John Robert Walker, CEO – Oil & Gas Business, as SMP of the Company with immediate effect.

Mr. Nicholas John Robert Walker brings 30 years of rich and diverse international experience in technical, commercial, and executive leadership roles. He has served as President and Chief Executive Officer at Lundin Energy, one of the leading European Independent E&P companies and been associated with the Companies like BP, Talisman Energy and Africa Oil. Your Board believes that Mr. Nicholas will drive adoption and deployment of best-in-class oil & gas technologies and processes, with focus on innovation and digitalisation, for business transformation. The KMP and SMP, similarly, comprises multifarious leaders with each member bringing in their key proficiency in different areas aligned with our business and strategy. A comprehensive update on the change in the Directorate, KMP and SMP of the Company along with the directorships held in other Companies, their skills and expertise have been explicated in the Corporate Governance Report forming part of this Annual Report.

DIRECTOR RETIRING BY ROTATION

As per the provisions of the Act, Mr. Sunil Duggal (DIN: 07291685), WTD and CEO of the Company, is liable to retire by rotation at the ensuing AGM and being eligible, offers himself for re-appointment. Based on the performance evaluation and recommendation of NRC, Board recommends his re-appointment.

BOARD AND COMMITTEES

The Board has overall responsibility for establishing the Company's purpose, values, and strategy to deliver the long-term sustainable success of the Company and generate value for shareholders. The Board places great importance on ensuring these key themes continue to be appropriate for the businesses and markets in which we operate around the world, while being aligned with our culture.

The Board is supported by the activities of each of the Board Committees which ensure the right level of attention and consideration are given to specific matters.

Accordingly, the Board has established Committees to assist it in exercising its authority. Each of the Committees have terms of reference under which authority is delegated by the Board. At present, the Company has the following Board Committees which ensures greater focus on specific aspects of Corporate Governance and expeditious resolution of issues of governance as and when they arise.

An all-embracing update on the Board, its committees, their composition, terms and reference, meetings held during FY 2023 and the attendance of each member is detailed in the Corporate Governance Report.

BOARD EFFECTIVENESS

Familiarisation Program for Board Members

Your Company has developed comprehensive induction processes for the new Board members which aim to provide them with an opportunity to familiarise themselves with the Company, its Board and management, its operations and the Company's culture. They are also familiarised with Company's organisational and governance structure, governance philosophy/principles, code of conduct and key policies, Board's way of working and procedures, formal information sharing protocol between the Board and the management, Directors' roles and responsibilities and disclosure obligations. The details of the familiarisation programme and process followed are provided in the Corporate Governance Report forming part of this Annual Report and can also be accessed on the website of the Company at www. vedantalimited.com.

Annual Board Evaluation

The Board is committed to transparency in assessing the performance of Directors. Pursuant to the provisions of the Act and Listing Regulations, the Board has carried out an annual evaluation of its own performance, the performance of its Committees, Chairman, Vice-Chairman, CEO, Directors, and the governance processes that support the Board's work.

As a part of governance practice, the Company, had engaged, a leading consultancy firm, to conduct the Board

Evaluation Process which was facilitated by way of an online structured questionnaire ensuring transparency and independency of the management. The evaluation parameters and the process have been explained in the Corporate Governance Report.

Feedback Mechanism

The results of evaluation showed high level of commitment and engagement of Board, its various committees and senior leadership. The Board was satisfied with overall performance and effectiveness of the Board, Committee and Individual Directors and appreciated Company's ethical standards, transparency and progress on sustainability/ ESG during the year. The Board Members also provided their inputs on the Board processes, areas of improvement and the matters for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the

Board. It was noted that the Board as a whole is functioning as an effective and cohesive body.

BOARD DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION

The Board sets the tone for diversity and inclusion across the Group and believes it is important to have an appropriate balance of skills, knowledge, experience, and diversity on the Board and at senior management level to ensure good decision-making. It recognises the need to create conditions that foster talent and encourage all colleagues to achieve their full potential. A diverse Board with a range of views enhances decision-making which is beneficial to the Company's long-term success and in the interests of Vedanta's stakeholders.

The Board Diversity Policy adopted by the Board sets out its approach to diversity. The Policy can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

Additional Details on the Board Diversity and the key attributes of the Board Members are explicated in the Corporate Governance Report forming part of this Annual Report.

POLICY ON DIRECTORS' APPOINTMENT AND REMUNERATION

The Nomination & Remuneration Policy adopted by the Board on the recommendation of NRC enumerates the criteria for assessment and appointment/re-appointment of Directors,

KMP and SMP on the basis of their qualifications, knowledge, skill, industrial orientation, independence, professional and functional expertise among other parameters with no bias on the grounds of ethnicity, nationality, gender or race or any other such discriminatory factor.

The Policy also sets out the guiding principles for the compensation to be paid to the Directors, KMP and SMP; and undertakes effective implementation of Board familiarisation, diversity, evaluation and succession planning for cohesive leadership management.

Company ensures compliance with the Policy in true letter and spirit. The complete Policy is reproduced in full on our website at www.vedantalimited.com and a snapshot of the Policy is elucidated in the Corporate Governance Report.

OBSERVANCE OF THE SECRETARIAL STANDARDS

The Directors state that proper systems have been devised to ensure compliance with the applicable laws. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 118 of the Act, 2013 during FY 2023, the Company has adhered with the applicable provisions of the Secretarial Standards ("SS-1" and "SS-2") relating to ‘Meetings of the Board of Directors' and ‘General Meetings' issued by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India ("ICSI") and notified by MCA.

INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS STATEMENT

The Company has received declaration from all the

Independent Directors confirming that they continue to meet the criteria of independence as prescribed under the Act and Listing Regulations and comply with the Code for

Independent Directors as specified under Schedule IV of the Act.

The Directors have also confirmed that they are not aware of any circumstance or situation, which exists or may be reasonably anticipated, that could impair or impact their ability to discharge their duties with an objective independent judgement and without any external influence.

In terms of Section 150 of the Act read with Rule 6(1) and

6(2) of the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of

Directors) Rules, 2014, Independent Directors of the Company have confirmed that they have registered themselves with the databank maintained by the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs ("IICA").

ANNUAL RETURN

In terms of provisions of Section 92(3), 134(3)(a) of the Act read with Rule 12 of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014, the Annual Return in Form MGT-

7 for the financial year ended 31 March 2023 is placed on the website of the Company and can be accessed at www. vedantalimited.com.

AUDIT REPORTS AND AUDITORS

Audit Reports:

The Statutory Auditors have issued unmodified opinion on the financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended 31 March 2023.

• The Statutory Auditors' report for FY 2023 does not contain any qualification, reservation or adverse remarks which calls for any explanation from the Board of Directors. The Auditors' report is enclosed with the financial statements in the Annual Report.

• The Secretarial Audit Report for FY 2023 does not contain any qualification, reservation, or adverse remark.

The report in form MR-3 along with Annual Secretarial Compliance Report is enclosed as 'Annexure D' to the Directors' Report. Further, in terms of Regulation 24(a) of Listing Regulations, the Secretarial Audit Report of BALCO, an unlisted material subsidiary of the Company is also enclosed as 'Annexure D-1' to this report.

Auditors Certificates:

As per the Listing Regulations, the auditors' certificate on corporate governance is enclosed as an Annexure to the Corporate Governance Report forming part of the

Annual Report. The Certificate does not contain any other qualification, reservation, or adverse remark except as mentioned in the report.

A certificate from Company Secretary in Practice certifying that none of the directors on the Board of the

Company have been debarred or disqualified from being appointed or continuing as directors of companies by the SEBI/MCA or any such statutory authority forms part of the Corporate Governance Report.

Auditors:

Statutory Auditors

? M/s S.R. Batliboi & Co. LLP, Chartered Accountants (Firm Registration No. 301003E/E300005) had been appointed as the Statutory Auditors of the Company in the 56^th Annual General Meeting to hold office for a period of five (5) years to the conclusion of61 ^st Annual General Meeting.

? The Auditors have confirmed that they are not disqualified from being re-appointed as Statutory Auditors of the Company.? The report of the Statutory Auditors along with notes to financial statements is enclosed to this Report. The Notes on financial statements referred to in the Auditors' Report are self-explanatory and do not call for any further comments.

? The Auditors have also furnished a declaration confirming their independence as well as their arm's length relationship with the

Company. The Audit & Risk Management Committee reviews the independence and objectivity of the auditors and the effectiveness of the audit process.

? The Statutory Auditors were present at the last AGM of the Company.

Secretarial Auditors

? M/s Vinod Kothari & Co., Practicing Company Secretaries had been appointed by the Board to conduct the secretarial audit of the Company for FY 2023.

? The Company had received a certificate confirming their eligibility and consent to act as the Auditors.

? The Secretarial Audit Report for FY 2023 forms part of this report and confirms that the Company has complied with the provisions of the Act, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines and that there were no deviations or non-compliances.

? Pursuant to SEBI circular no. CIR/CFD/CMO1/27/2019 dated 08 February 2019, the Company has also undertaken an audit for all applicable compliances as per the Listing Regulations and circular guidelines issued thereunder. The Annual Secretarial Compliance Report for FY 2023 has also been submitted to the Stock Exchanges within the stipulated timeline.

? The Secretarial Audit Report of its unlisted material subsidiary is annexed to this report.? The Secretarial Auditors were also present at the last AGM of the Company.

Cost Auditors

? M/s Shome and Banerjee and M/s Ramnath Iyer & Co., Cost Accountants, had been appointed by the Board to conduct the audit of cost records of the Oil & Gas Business and other Business segments of the Company respectively for FY 2023.

? M/s Ramnath Iyer & Co., Cost Accountants were nominated as the Lead Cost Auditors.

? The Company had received a certificate confirming their eligibility and consent to act as the Auditors.

? The cost accounts and records of the Company are duly prepared and maintained by the Company as required under Section 148(1) of the Act pertaining to cost audit.

Internal Auditors

? M/s KPMG had been appointed as the Internal Auditors of the Company for FY 2023 to conduct the Internal Audit on the basis of detailed Internal Audit Plan.

? The Company has an independent in-house MAS team to manage the group's internal audit activity and that functionally reports to the Audit & Risk Management Committee.

REPORTING OF FRAUD BY AUDITORS

During the reporting year, under Section 143(12) of the Act, none of the Auditors of the Company have reported to the Audit & Risk Management Committee of the Board, any instances of fraud by the Company or material fraud on the

Company by its officers or employees.

LEGAL, COMPLIANCE, ETHICS AND GOVERNANCE FUNCTION

Through its concerted efforts to generate value while keeping integrity at the forefront, the legal function of your Company is a valued partner in providing regulatory support and gauging the viability of strategic assistance for business partnership and expansion. It ensures advisory and compliance services pertaining to existing regulations and legislative developments for facilitating business agenda in the areas of effective claims and contract management, mergers and acquisitions, dispute resolution, litigation and adherence to competition, business ethics and governance.

With the aim to ensure smooth operations and to safeguard the interests of your Company for business growth and sustenance in an evolving, ambiguous and complex environment, the function continues to focus on presenting areas of opportunities, mitigating risks, providing proactive assistance to other functions and departments; and bringing about policy changes based on persistent interaction with various Government bodies and industrial associations like CII and FICCI.

As newer technologies continue to transform the market, your Company ensures adeptness in mechanisms to safeguard the data security and privacy of our stakeholders with enhanced legal and security standards. Simultaneously, to meet the growing business needs, the Legal function continues to seek and identify technological opportunities while harnessing existing know-how to streamline compliance frameworks, litigation management and conduct online ethics awareness training.

Our organisational values and principles are made applicable to all our employees through our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. In a bid to create a better understanding of its practical implications, the Legal function conducts an annual online ethics training module to necessitate all employees to mandatorily embrace the values and principles embodied as a part of the aforementioned Code. Additionally, the function drives an Ethics Compliance Month initiative for raising awareness by conduct of employee trainings in areas of ethical concern such as insider trading, prevention of sexual harassment, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-trust laws through use of interactive learning tools.

Through our Supplier Code of Conduct, we also ensure that third parties, including their employees, agents and representatives who have a business relationship with your Company, are bound by industry standards as well as applicable statutory requirements concerning labour and human rights, health, safety and environment, and business integrity.

8. OTHER DISCLOSURES

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Your Company has in place a Policy on Related Party Transactions ("RPT") ("RPT Policy") formulated in line with the provisions of the Act and Listing Regulations. The Company has voluntarily adopted a stricter policy as against the legal requirements. The Policy may be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com. The Policy sets out the philosophy and processes to be followed for approval and review of transactions with Related Party and intends to ensure that proper reporting, approval and disclosure processes are in place for all transactions with Related Parties. A detailed landscape of all RPTs specifying the nature, value, and terms and conditions of the transaction is presented to the Audit & Risk Management Committee. Also, a Standard Operating Procedures has been formulated to identify and monitor all such transactions. During FY 2023, all the contracts/arrangements/ transactions entered into by the Company with the related parties were in the ordinary course of business and on an arm's length basis and were in compliance with the provisions of the Act and Listing Regulations other than those mentioned in the Annexure IV' of the Report on Corporate Governance forming part of the Annual Report. All RPTs are subjected to independent review by a reputed accounting firm to establish compliance with the requirements of RPTs under the Act and Listing Regulations.

During the year, the materially significant RPTs pursuant to the provisions of Listing Regulations had been duly approved by the shareholders of the Company in the 57^th Annual General Meeting held on 10 August 2022. Further, there have been no materially significant RPTs during the year pursuant to the provisions of the Act. Accordingly, the disclosure required u/s 134(3)(h) of the Act in Form AOC-2 is not applicable to your Company.

SHARE CAPITAL AND ITS EVOLUTION

The Authorised Share Capital of the Company is `74,12,01,00,000 divided into 44,02,01,00,000 number of equity shares of `1/- each and 3,01,00,00,000 Preference Shares of `10/- each. There was no change in the capital structure of the Company during the period under review. The details of share capital as on 31 March 2023 is provided below:

Particulars	Amount (Rs)
Authorised Share Capital	74,12,01,00,000
Paid-up Capital	3,71,75,04,871
Listed Capital	3,71,71,99,039
Shares under Abeyance pending allotment	3,05,832

The details of the Capital Evolution has been provided on the Company's website and can be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

During the year and till date, the following changes have taken place in Subsidiary Companies:

• Athena Chhattisgarh Power Limited acquired on 21 July 2022 under the liquidation proceedings of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, subject to NCLT approval which is pending as on the balance sheet date. Hence, not covered in the total number of subsidiaries above.

• Facor Realty and Infrastructure Limited struck off on 13 January 2023.

• Hindustan Zinc Fertilizers Private Limited incorporated on 07 September 2022.

• Zinc India Foundation incorporated on 05 August 2022.

• Cairn Energy Gujarat Block 1 Limited, deregistered on 05 July 2022.

• Lakomasko BV liquidated on 03 March 2023.

• CIG Mauritius Holding Private Ltd. and CIG Mauritius Private Ltd. have been dissolved effective from 01 March 2023. Pursuant to dissolution, Cairn Lanka Private Limited has become the direct subsidiary of Cairn Energy Hydrocarbons Limited.

• The Mumbai NCLT and Chennai NCLT has passed orders dated 06 June 2022 and 22 March 2023 respectively sanctioning the scheme of amalgamation of Sterlite Ports Limited ("SPL"), Paradip Multi Cargo Berth Private Limited ("PMCB"), Maritime Ventures Private Limited ("MVPL"), Goa Sea Port Private Limited ("GSPL"), wholly owned subsidiaries/step down subsidiaries of Sesa Resources Limited ("SRL"), with Sesa Mining Corporation Limited ("SMCL").

Statutory filing with MCA is in progress.

• Facor Power Limited is merged into Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited effective on 21 November 2022.

As at 31 March 2023, the Company has 06 associate companies and joint ventures.

Associate Companies and Joint Ventures:

• Gaurav Overseas Private Limited

• RoshSkor Township (Pty) Ltd

• Goa Maritime Private Limited

• Madanpur South Coal Company Limited

• Rosh Pinah Health Care (Proprietary) Limited

• Gergarub Exploration and Mining (Pty) Limited

As required under Listing Regulations, the Consolidated Financial Statement of the Company and its subsidiaries and joint ventures, prepared in accordance with Ind AS 110 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, form part of the Annual Report and are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statement of the Company. During the year, the Board of Directors have reviewed the affairs of the subsidiaries. Pursuant to Section 129(3) of the Act, a statement containing the salient features of the financial statement of the subsidiary and associate companies is attached to the financial statement in Form

AOC-1. The statement also provides details of performance and financial position of each of the subsidiaries and their contribution to the overall performance of the Company. In accordance with Section 136 of the Act, the audited

Standalone and Consolidated financial statements of the

Company along with relevant notes and separate audited accounts of subsidiaries are available on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com. Copies of the financial statements of the Company and of the subsidiary companies shall be made available upon request by any member of the Company. Additionally, these financial statements shall also be available for inspection by members on all working days during business hours at the

Registered Office of the Company.

MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES

The Company has adopted a policy on determination of material subsidiaries in line with Listing Regulations. The policy aims to determine the Material Subsidiaries and Material Unlisted Indian Subsidiaries of the Company and to provide the governance framework for such subsidiaries. The policy may be accessed at www.vedantalimited.com.

In accordance with Regulation 16(1)(c) of the Listing Regulations, your Company has the following material subsidiary companies during FY 2023:

• Hindustan Zinc Limited ("HZL"), a listed subsidiary;

• Cairn India Holdings Limited ("CIHL"), an unlisted subsidiary; and

• Bharat Aluminium Co. Limited ("BALCO"), an unlisted subsidiary.

Further, the SEBI vide SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) (Amendment) Regulations, 2023, requires additional details to be provided for material subsidiaries. The details are as follows:

		Material Subsidiary
Particulars	hZL	CIhL	BALCO
Date of Incorporation	10 January 1966	02 August 2006	27 November 1965
Place of Incorporation	Udaipur	Jersey	New Delhi
Name of Statutory Auditors	S.R. Batliboi & Co. LLP	MHA MacIntyre Hudson	S.R. Batliboi & Co. LLP
Date of appointment of Statutory Auditors	09 August 2021	10 March 2021	17 September 2021

In terms of the provisions of Regulation 24(1) of the Listing Regulations, during FY 2023, appointment of one of the Independent Directors of the Company on the Board of unlisted material subsidiary was applicable only to CIHL.

In compliance with the above requirement, Mr. DD Jalan, Independent Director of the Company, had been appointed as Director of CIHL.

The Company is in compliance with the applicable requirements of the Listing Regulations for its Subsidiary Companies during FY 2023.

DEBENTURES

During FY 2023, your Company raised `4,889 crore through issuance of Secured and Unsecured, Rated, Redeemable, Non-Cumulative, Non-Convertible Debentures ("NCDs") of face value of `10,00,000 each on private placement basis as per the following details:

Coupon Rate	Date of Allotment	No. of NCDs	Total Amount	Tenor	Maturity Date
			(inRscrore)
8.74% Secured Rated Listed Redeemable	29 June 2022	40,890	4,089	10 years	29 June 2032
Non-Convertible Debentures
3M T Bill Linked Unsecured Rated Listed	16 December 2022	8,000	800	01 year 03	15 March 2024
Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures				months

The aforesaid debentures are listed on BSE.

Further, the details of outstanding NCDs as of 31 March 2023 have been detailed in the Corporate Governance Report.

COMMERCIAL PAPERS

The Commercial Papers ("CPs") issued by the Company have been listed on NSE and have been duly redeemed on timely basis.

As on 31 March 2023, there are outstanding CPs aggregating to `500 crore. Further details have been provided in the Corporate Governance Report.

UNCLAIMED SHARES

Pursuant to the SEBI Circular and Regulation 39 of Listing Regulations regarding the procedure to be adopted for unclaimed shares issued in physical form in public issue or otherwise, the Company has a separate demat account in the title of ‘Vedanta Limited – Unclaimed Suspense Account' with HDFC Bank Limited. The details of shares lying in the unclaimed suspense account are provided below:

Description	No. of Shareholders	No. of Equity Shares of `1/- each
Aggregate number of shareholders and the outstanding shares in the suspense account lying at the beginning of the year	520	5,14,372
Number of shares transferred to the unclaimed suspense account during the year	-	-
Number of shareholders who approached issuer for transfer of shares from suspense account during the year	06	7,836
Number of shareholders to whom shares were transferred from suspense account during the year	-	-
Number of shares transferred to Investor Education and Protection Fund ("IEPF/	63	46,920
Fund") account pursuant to IEPF Authority (Accounting, Audit, Transfer and Refund)
Rules, 2016 ("IEPF Rules") read with Amendment Rules, 2017
Aggregate number of shareholders and the outstanding shares in the suspense account lying at the end of the year. The voting rights on these shares shall remain frozen till the rightful owner of such shares claims the shares	451	4,59,616

TRANSFER OF UNPAID AND UNCLAIMED AMOUNTS TO INVESTOR EDUCATION AND PROTECTION FUND

In accordance with the provisions of the Act and IEPF Rules, as amended from time to time, the Company is required to transfer the following to IEPF:? Dividend amount that remains unpaid/unclaimed for a period of seven (07) years; and? Shares on which the dividend has not been paid/claimed for seven (07) consecutive years or more.

Additionally, pursuant to Rule 3(3) of IEPF Rules, in case of term deposits of companies, due unpaid or unclaimed interest shall be transferred to the Fund along with the transfer of the matured amount of such term deposits.

Your Company, in its various communications to the shareholders from time to time, requests them to claim the unpaid/ unclaimed amount of dividend and shares due for transfer to IEPF established by the Central Government. Further, in compliance with IEPF Rules including statutory modification(s) thereof, the Company publishes notices in newspapers and sends specific letters to all shareholders whose shares are due to be transferred to IEPF, to enable them to claim their rightful dues. With the continuous efforts of the Company, a total of 87 investor claims have been released from IEPF till 30 April 2023 aggregating to 1,21,570 equity shares.

Dividend and other amounts transferred/credited to IEPF during FY 2023

The details of dividend and other unpaid/unclaimed amounts transferred to IEPF during the year are provided below:

Dividend and other unpaid/unclaimed amounts transferred to IEPF during the year

			Amount transferred to	Date of transfer to
Financial Year	Type of Amount	Date of Declaration
			IEPF (in `)	IEPF
2014-15	Final Dividend	11 July 2015	1,86,14,486.00	03 September 2022
2014-15	Final Dividend	21 July 2015	46,62,800.00	14 September 2022
2015-16	Interim Dividend	27 October 2015	3,09,22,500.00	06 December 2022
Total			5,41,99,786.00

*An additional amount of `4,05,581 (including `10,000 related to sub-judice matter) pertaining to Unpaid Matured Deposits and interest accrued thereon has been identified for transfer to IEPF during the year. The same is in the process of transfer.

In view of specific order(s) of court/tribunal/statutory authority restraining transfer of shares and dividend thereon, such shares and unpaid dividend have not been transferred to IEPF pursuant to Section 124 of the Act and Rule 6 of IEPF Rules including statutory modification(s) or re-enactment(s) thereof.

200

The details of dividend declared during the year on shares already transferred to IEPF are provided below:

Dividend declared during FY 2023 on shares already transferred to IEPF

		Amount transferred
Type of Dividend	Date of Declaration		Date of transfer to IEPF
		to IEPF (in `)
Interim Dividend (1st)	28 April 2022	13,54,67,698.11	23 May 2022
Interim Dividend (2nd)	19 July 2022	8,33,63,314.19	08 August 2022
Interim Dividend (3rd)	22 November 2022	7,68,84,463.84	13 December 2022
Interim Dividend (4th)	27 January 2023	5,57,79,361.00	16 February 2023
Interim Dividend (5th)	28 March 2023	9,30,00,087.78	17 April 2023
Total		44,44,94,924.92

Shares transferred/credited to IEPF during FY 2023

During the year, the Company transferred 2,48,924 equity shares of `1/- each comprising of 891 shareholders to IEPF.

The Company has also uploaded the details of unpaid and unclaimed amounts lying with the Company as on 10 August 2022 (the date of last AGM) on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com. Further, the details of equity shares transferred are also made available on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com.

The shareholders whose shares/dividends have been transferred to IEPF can claim the same from IEPF in accordance with the prescribed procedure and on submission of such documents as prescribed under the IEPF Rules. The process for claiming the unpaid shares/dividends out of IEPF can be accessed on the IEPF website at www.iepf.gov.in and on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com.

Dividend due to be transferred to IEPF during FY 2024

The dates on which unclaimed dividend and their corresponding shares would become due to be transferred to IEPF during FY 2024 are provided below:

Dividend due to be transferred to IEPF during FY 2024

Particulars	Date of Declaration	Date of completion of seven years	Due date for transfer to IEPF	Amount as on 31 March 2023 (inRs)
Final Dividend 2015-16	21 July 2016	26 August 2023	25 September 2023	32,09,337.00
Interim Dividend 2016-17	28 October 2016	03 December 2023	02 January 2024	1,71,96,505.25
Total				2,04,05,842.25

Ms. Prerna Halwasiya, the Company Secretary and Compliance Officer of the Company is designated as the Nodal Officer under the provisions of IEPF. The contact details can be accessed on the website of the Company at www.vedantalimited.com.

TRANSFER TO RESERVES

The Company proposes Nil transfer to General Reserve out of its total profit of`27,356 crore for the financial year.

PARTICULARS OF LOANS, GUARANTEES OR INVESTMENTS

The particulars of loans given, investments made, guarantees given and securities provided along with the purpose for which the loan or guarantee or security is proposed to be utilised as per the provisions of Section 186 of the Act are provided in the standalone financial statements. (Please refer to Notes to the standalone financial statements).

FIXED DEPOSITS

As on 31 March 2023, deposits amounting to `54,000 remain unclaimed. Since the matter is sub judice, the Company is maintaining status quo.

PUBLIC DEPOSITS

The Company has not accepted any deposits falling under the ambit of Section 73 of the Act and the Rules framed thereunder during the year under review.

MATERIAL CHANGES AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF THE COMPANY

No material changes and commitments have occurred subsequent to the close of the financial year till the date of this Report which may affect the financial position of the Company.

SIGNIFICANT and MATERIAL ORDERS PASSED BY THE REGULATORS OR COURTS OR TRIBUNALS

Provided below are the significant and material orders which have been passed by any regulators or courts or tribunals against the Company impacting the going concern status and Company's operations in the future.

Iron-Ore Division – Goa Operations

The Supreme Court of India ("SC") in the Goa Mining matter in 2014 declared that the deemed mining leases of the lessees in Goa expired on 22 November 1987 and the maximum of 20 years renewal period of the deemed mining leases in Goa under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act ("MMDR") had also expired on 22 November 2007 and directed state to grant fresh mining leases.

Thereafter, various mining leases were renewed by the State Government before and on the date the MMDR Amendment Ordinance 2015 came into effect (i.e. 12 January 2015).

These renewal of mining leases were challenged before the SC by Goa Foundation and others in 2015 as being arbitrary and against the judgment of the SC in the earlier Goa mining matter. The SC passed the judgement in the matters on 07 February 2018 wherein it set aside the second renewal of the mining leases granted by the State of Goa. The court directed all lease holders operating under a second renewal to stop all mining operations with effect from 16 March 2018 until fresh mining leases (not fresh renewals or other renewals) in accordance with the provisions of the MMDR Act, 1957 and fresh environmental clearances are granted.

Subsequently, mining lessees and other mining stakeholder had filed applications in the pending Abolition Act matter for resumption of mining in the State. The Central Government had also filed an early hearing application in the long pending abolition matter.

We separately also filed a Special Leave Petition in the

SC in appeal from the High Court order against a non-consideration of our representation seeking an amendment of the mining lease till 2037 based on the provisions of the MMDR Amendment Act, 2015. The Special Leave Petition was disposed off by the SC vide an order dated 07 September 2021.

We had filed a review petition against the order passed by SC dated 07 September 2021 which was dismissed by the SC.

On 04 May 2022, Vedanta Limited and other group companies received notices from DMG, Goa under the provisions of Section 12(1)(hh) of the Mineral Concession Rules (Other than Atomic and other Hydrocarbon Energy Minerals) Concession Rules, 2016 directing to vacate the mining leases by 06 June 2022 pursuant to judgment of the SC banning mining operations in the State of Goa.

Writ petitions were filed against these notices of DMG on 17 May 2022 before the High Court of Bombay at Goa contending that Section 12(1)(hh) of MCR Rules, 2016 cannot be extended to dispossession from the mining leases. Further, the challenge to the constitutional validity of the Goa, Daman, and Diu Mining Concession (Abolition and Declaration of Mining Leases) Act, 1987 which abolished the mining concessions and converted them to mining lease, is pending before the Supreme Court since 1998, and until the matter is pending, no decision regarding the title of the mining leases could be taken as the companies have been granted the mining concession in perpetuity by the Portuguese mining laws.

The writ petitions were reserved for orders on 19 August 2022. Vide order dated 07 October 2022, the High Court of Bombay at Goa dismissed all the writ petitions. Thereafter, a Special Leave Petition was filed by another mining lessee before the SC against the order dated 07 October 2022. The said SLP was also dismissed vide order of the Supreme Court dated 21 November 2022.

Copper Division

The Copper division of Vedanta Limited has received an order from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board ("TNPCB") on 09 April 2018 whereby they have rejected the Company's application for renewal of Consent to Operate ("CTO") for the 4,00,000 metric tonnes Per Annum ("MTPA") Copper Smelter plant in Tuticorin. In furtherance to the order of TNPCB rejecting the Company's application, the Company decided to shut its Copper smelting operations at Tuticorin and filed an appeal with TNPCB Appellate authority against the order. During the pendency of the appeal, the TNPCB vide its order dated 23 May 2018 ordered disconnection of electricity supply and closure of the Company's Copper Smelter plant. Post this, the Govt of Tamil Nadu on 28 May 2018 ordered the permanent closure of the plant. The Company challenged the same in the National Green Tribunal ("NGT") which passed a favorable order for reopening of the plant. The order was appealed by the TNPCB and the State of Tamil Nadu in the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court passed an order upholding the appeal and granted liberty to the Company to approach the Madras High Court for relief.

On 18 August 2020, the Division Bench of Madras High

Court dismissed all the writ petitions filed by the Company. Vedanta Limited subsequently filed a Special Leave Petition to appeal against the Madras High Court decision before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, on 04 May 2023, upon taking up the interlocutory applications filed by the

Company for essential care and maintenance of the Plant and for removal of material within the Plant premises, directed the State Government to take necessary directions with respect to certain activities and to reconsider certain other activities in furtherance of its earlier order within specified timelines. The Court further ordered for the SLP to be listed on 22 and 23 August 2023 for final hearing.

In the meantime, the Madurai Bench of the High Court of

Madras in a public interest litigation filed against Vedanta by Fathima Babu held through its order dated 23 May 2018, that the application for renewal of the environmental clearance for the expansion project shall be processed after a mandatory public hearing and the said application shall be decided by the competent authority on or before 23 September 2018. In the interim, the High Court ordered Vedanta to cease construction and all other activities on site for the proposed expansion project with immediate effect. Currently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change ("MoEF") has updated on its website that Vedanta Limited's environmental clearance for expansion project will be considered for ToR either upon verdict of the NGT case or upon filing of a Report from the State

Government/District Collector, Thoothukudi. Separately, SIPCOT through its letter dated 29 May 2018, cancelled 342.22 acres of the land allotted to Vedanta Limited for the proposed expansion project. Further, the TNPCB issued orders on 07 June 2018, directing the withdrawal of the consent to establish the expansion project, which was valid until 31 March 2023. In a writ filed before Madras High

Court Madurai Bench challenging the lease cancellation order, Madras High Court through its order dated 03 October 2018 has granted an interim stay in favour of the Company cancelling on the cancellation of 342.22 acres of the land allotted.

Further, on 07 June 2018, TNPCB withdrew the CTE granted for a period of five (05) years for the expansion project. The Company has filed Appeals before the TNPCB Appellate

Authority challenging withdrawal of CTE by the TNPCB.

CHANGE IN NATURE OF BUSINESS OF COMPANY

There is no change in the nature of business of your Company during the year under review.

FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT ANY CORPORATE ACTION

There were no instances where the Company failed to implement any corporate action within the specified time limit

9. AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

In a bid to keep ensuring its relentless quest for growth and excellence, the Company continues to be committed towards maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance and sustainable practices. As a recognition for our unconventional innovations and focussed drive to achieve best-in-class operations, the Company has been winning a multitude of accolades at various forums while acquiring plaudits as the recipient of numerous prestigious awards for demonstrating its business ethos.

These embellishments to Vedanta's cognizant candidature deliver a testament to the progress made by the Company and honor its diligent efforts towards delivering value for the welfare of all stakeholders and the society as a whole. The details of the key recognitions secured by the Company have been highlighted in a separate section in the Annual Report.

10. DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT

As stipulated in Section 134 of the Act, your Directors subscribe to the "Directors' Responsibility Statement" and to the best of their knowledge and ability, hereby confirms that: (a) in the preparation of the annual accounts, the applicable accounting standards have been followed and there are no material departures from the same; (b) they have selected such accounting policies and applied them consistently and made judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company at the end of FY 2023 and of the profit and loss of the

Company for that period;

(c) they have taken proper and sufficient care for the maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act, 2013 for safeguarding the Company's assets and for preventing and detecting fraud and other irregularities; (d) the annual accounts have been prepared on a going concern basis;

(e) they have laid down internal financial controls to be followed by the Company and that such internal financial controls are adequate and are operating effectively; and (f) proper systems have been devised to ensure compliance with the provisions of all applicable laws and that such systems were adequate and operating effectively.

11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND APPRECIATION

At Vedanta, our business is deftly managed by an adroit set of leaders with global and diverse experience in the sector in order to accomplish the mission of carving our niche as the leading global natural resource company. The professionally equipped and technically sound management has set progressive policies and objectives, follows best global practices, all with a plausible vision to take the Company ahead to the next level.

Having received external reassurance in all our commitments over the years, the Directors take this opportunity to place on record, their sincere appreciation for the Central and State government authorities, bankers, stock exchanges, financial institutions, depositories, analysts, advisors, local communities, customers, vendors, business partners, shareholders, and investors forming part of the Vedanta family for their sustained support, admirable assistance and endless encouragement extended to the group at all levels.

We would also like to express our earnest regard to all employees for their ardent enthusiasm and interminable efforts directed towards lodging significant and effective contributions to the continued growth of the Company. Our heartiest gratitude is further undertaken to be rendered to all our stakeholders for their unflinching faith in the Company.

We look forward for bestowal of your continued support and solidarity in future as we diligently strive to deliver enhanced value for our stakeholders and inscribe on the footprints of nation building for one of the fastest growing economies of the world.

For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

	Anil Agarwal
	Non-Executive Chairman
	DIN: 00010883
Place: London
Date: 12 May 2023
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